Estrogenized HSA induced high-affinity autoantibodies in breast cancer - Novel biomarker for early detection.

Objective: Breast cancer (BC) is the second most prevalent cancer worldwide. Estrogen has been increasingly recognized as a major contributor to the development of BC, playing a more critical role than previously understood. Estrogen derived nucleic acid and protein adducts have been shown to play significant roles in BC development and progression.

The vicious cycle of chronic endometriosis and depression-an immunological and physiological perspective.

Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent, proinflammatory disease that can cause various dysfunctions. The main clinical manifestations of endometriosis include chronic pelvic pain and impaired fertility. The disease is characterized by a spectrum of dysfunctions spanning hormonal signaling, inflammation, immune dysregulation, angiogenesis, neurogenic inflammation, epigenetic alterations, and tissue remodeling.

Advancing multimodal medical image fusion: an adaptive image decomposition approach based on multilevel Guided filtering.

With the rapid development of medical imaging methods, multimodal medical image fusion techniques have caught the interest of researchers. The aim is to preserve information from diverse sensors using various models to generate a single informative image. The main challenge is to derive a trade-off between the spatial and spectral qualities of the resulting fused image and the computing efficiency.

Endoscopic Image Enhancement: Wavelet Transform and Guided Filter Decomposition-Based Fusion Approach.

Endoscopies are helpful for examining internal organs, including the gastrointestinal tract. The endoscope device consists of a flexible tube to which a camera and light source are attached. The diagnostic process heavily depends on the quality of the endoscopic images.

Smart and low-cost fluorometer for identifying breast cancer malignancy based on lipid droplets accumulation.

The most common cause of breast cancer-related death is tumor recurrence. To develop more effective treatments, the identification of cancer cell specific malignancy indicators is therefore critical. Lipid droplets are known as an emerging hallmark in aggressive breast tumors.

An Overview of the Development and Preclinical Evaluation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates for Non-Oncological Applications.

Typically, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are made up of a humanized antibody and a small-molecule medication connected by a chemical linker. ADCs' ability to deliver cytotoxic agents to the specific site with reduced side effects showed promising results in oncology. To date, fourteen ADCs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, and approximately 297 ADCs are in pre-clinical/clinical stages in the oncology area.

Classification of endoscopic image and video frames using distance metric-based learning with interpolated latent features.

Unlabelled: Conventional Endoscopy (CE) and Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) are well known tools for diagnosing gastrointestinal (GI) tract related disorders. Defining the anatomical location within the GI tract helps clinicians determine appropriate treatment options, which can reduce the need for repetitive endoscopy. Limited research addresses the localization of the anatomical location of WCE and CE images using classification, mainly due to the difficulty in collecting annotated data.

SNAC for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability: An Updated Review.

The delivery of proteins and peptides via an oral route poses numerous challenges to improve the oral bioavailability and patient compliance. To overcome these challenges, as well as to improve the permeation of proteins and peptides via intestinal mucosa, several chemicals have been studied such as surfactants, fatty acids, bile salts, pH modifiers, and chelating agents, amongst these medium chain fatty acid like C10 (sodium caprate) and Sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) amino] caprylate (SNAC) and its derivatives that have been well studied from a clinical perspective. This current review enumerates the challenges involved in protein and peptide delivery via the oral route, i.

Stealth Liposomal Chemotherapeutic Agent for Triple Negative Breast Cancer with Improved Pharmacokinetics.

Triple-negative breast cancer is one of the most lethal cancers. Chemotherapeutics for targeting CDK4 and CDK6 like Palbociclib (PAB) in triple-negative breast cancer was widely explored. However, poor bioavailability and severe side effects profile limiting its clinical usage in the field of cancer chemotherapy.

Nanofluids modeling and energy transformation under the influence of mixed convection: Role of aluminum and γ-aluminum nanoparticles.

The analysis of nanofluids under various physical scenarios convinced the researchers and scientists because of their broad range of applications in potential area of the current time like chemical engineering, biomedical engineering and applied thermal engineering etc. To give the final shape of many industrial and engineering processes, enhanced heat transfer desired, therefore, the study of AlO-HO, γAlO-HO, AlO-CHO, and γAlO- CHO nanofluids is reported. The model successfully achieved after mathematical operations and by appealing similarity transforms.

An In Situ Electrical Impedance Tomography Sensor System for Biomass Estimation of Tap Roots.

Root biomass is one of the most relevant root parameters for studies of plant response to environmental change. In this work, a dynamic and adjustable electrode array sensor system is designed for developing a cost-effective, high-speed data acquisition system based on electrical impedance tomography (EIT). The developed EIT system is found to be suitable for in situ measurements and capable of monitoring the changes in root growth and development with three-dimensional imaging by measuring impedances in multiple frequencies with the help of an EIT sensor.

Biophysical, Biochemical, and Molecular Docking Investigations of Anti-Glycating, Antioxidant, and Protein Structural Stability Potential of Garlic.

Garlic has been reported to inhibit protein glycation, a process that underlies several disease processes, including chronic complications of diabetes mellitus. Biophysical, biochemical, and molecular docking investigations were conducted to assess anti-glycating, antioxidant, and protein structural protection activities of garlic. Results from spectral (UV and fluorescence) and circular dichroism (CD) analysis helped ascertain protein conformation and secondary structure protection against glycation to a significant extent.

Combinational therapeutics to combat cancer.

Mono-therapeutics is rarely effective as a treatment option, which limits the survival of patients in advanced grade aggressive cancers. Combinational therapeutics (multiple drugs for multiple targets) to combat cancer is gaining momentum in recent years. Hence, it is of interest to document known data for combinational therapeutics in cancer treatment.

COVID-SAFE: An IoT-Based System for Automated Health Monitoring and Surveillance in Post-Pandemic Life.

In the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic with no designated cure or vaccine, the only way to break the infection chain is self-isolation and maintaining the physical distancing. In this article, we present a potential application of the Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare and physical distance monitoring for pandemic situations. The proposed framework consists of three parts: a lightweight and low-cost IoT node, a smartphone application (app), and fog-based Machine Learning (ML) tools for data analysis and diagnosis.

Dimensioning of Wide-Area Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) System for IoT-Based Automation.

Water, one of the most valuable resources, is underutilized in irrigated rice production. The yield of rice, a staple food across the world, is highly dependent on having proper irrigation systems. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) is an effective irrigation method mainly used for irrigated rice production.

Fetal ECG Extraction From Maternal ECG Using Attention-Based CycleGAN.

A non-invasive fetal electrocardiogram (FECG) is used to monitor the electrical pulse of the fetal heart. Decomposing the FECG signal from the maternal ECG (MECG) is a blind source separation problem, which is hard due to the low amplitude of the FECG, the overlap of R waves, and the potential exposure to noise from different sources. Traditional decomposition techniques, such as adaptive filters, require tuning, alignment, or pre-configuration, such as modeling the noise or desired signal to map the MECG to the FECG.

Biologically Active α-Amino Amide Analogs and γδ T Cells-A Unique Anticancer Approach for Leukemia.

Advanced stage cancers are aggressive and difficult to treat with mono-therapeutics, substantially decreasing patient survival rates. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop unique therapeutic approaches to treat cancer with superior potency and efficacy. This study investigates a new approach to develop a potent combinational therapy to treat advanced stage leukemia.

Development of Imatinib Mesylate-Loaded Liposomes for Nose to Brain Delivery: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation.

Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease require treatment where it is essential for drug to reach brain. Nose to brain delivery of drugs enables direct transport to brain bypassing blood brain barrier. Imatinib mesylate, an anti-cancer agent, was found to have potential anti-Alzheimer's activity and thus repurposed for the same.

Optimization of methods for peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolation and expansion of human gamma delta T cells.

Human Vg9/Vδ2 T cells (γδ T cells) are immune surveillance cells both in innate and adaptive immunity and are a possible target for anticancer therapies, which can induce immune responses in a variety of cancers. Small non-peptide antigens such as zoledronate can do activation and expansion of T cells in vitro. It is evident that for adoptive cancer therapies, large numbers of functional cells are needed into cancer patients.

A localization method for wireless capsule endoscopy using side wall cameras and IMU sensor.

Localizing the endoscopy capsule inside gastrointestinal (GI) system provides key information which leads to GI abnormality tracking and precision medical delivery. In this paper, we have proposed a new method to localize the capsule inside human GI track. We propose to equip the capsule with four side wall cameras and an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), that consists of 9 Degree-Of-Freedom (DOF) including a gyroscope, an accelerometer and a magnetometer to monitor the capsule's orientation and direction of travel.

Classifying MRI motion severity using a stacked ensemble approach.

Motion artifacts are a common occurrence in Magnetic Resonance Imaging exam. Motion during acquisition has a profound impact on workflow efficiency, often requiring a repeat of sequences. Furthermore, motion artifacts may escape notice by technologists, only to be revealed at the time of reading by the radiologists, affecting their diagnostic quality.

Automatic Detection of Intestinal Bleeding using an Optical Sensor for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy.

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) has been an effective and safe way to diagnose gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, such as, colon cancers, polyps and bleeding. The detection of bleeding and other anomalies is currently determined through conventional visual inspection of the WCE images by the physicians. An on-chip bleeding sensor is thus required, that can perform an automatic prescreening of the bleeding areas in real-time using blood's optical properties to assist the diagnosis.

Multi-class diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease using cascaded three dimensional-convolutional neural network.

Dementia is a social problem in the aging society of advanced countries. Presently, 46.8 million people affected with dementia worldwide, and it may increase to 130 million by 2050.