Adherence and dropout in exercise-based interventions in childhood obesity: A systematic review of randomized trials.

Our objective was to systematically examine the characteristics of exercise interventions on adherence and dropout in children and adolescents with obesity. PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Lilacs, Scielo, and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and reference lists of relevant articles were searched. We included randomized controlled trials with exercise interventions for pediatric patients with obesity presenting data on dropout and/or adherence.

Association between Sleep Quality and Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Adolescents: A Cross Sectional Study.

 To analyze the impact of sleep quality/duration on cardiac autonomic modulation on physically active adolescents with obesity.  The present cross-sectional study included 1,150 boys with a mean age of 16.6 ± 1.

Does Physical Fitness Relate to Academic Achievement in High School Students?

Background: Academic achievement (AA) is an important issue not only during the school period since it is a strong predictor of long-term professional and social success. Physical fitness (PF) components are associated with AA, and previous studies were conducted with relatively small samples, lack of statistical power, and the conclusions are based on simple correlational analyses. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between PF (single and clustered) with AA in a large and representative sample of high school students.

Preliminary evidence of glycine as a biomarker of cardiovascular disease risk in children with obesity.

Glycine (GLY) is a substrate for a wide range of metabolic processes. Several preclinical and adult studies demonstrated inverse associations of GLY with obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. However, little evidence is available on relationships between GLY and CVD risk in children.

The effects of COVID-19 stay-at-home orders on physical activity of people with obesity.

Objective: To verify the association of changes on physical activity levels during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak of individuals with normal weight and overweight/obesity, and the influence of sex in this relationship.

Methods: This cross-sectional study (survey research) was conducted in Brazil between May 5 and May 17, 2020. Participants (n=1,828 / 1,062 women >18 years) were invited through social media to answer a structured questionnaire via Google Forms.

Aerobic training with a self-selected or predetermined intensity on sleep parameters in adolescents with obesity: a randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: To compare the effects of self-selected and predetermined intensity on sleep quality and duration, daytime sleepiness, and sleep efficiency of adolescents with obesity after 12 weeks of aerobic training.

Material And Methods: Thirty-seven adolescents (12 girls), 13-18 years old, with obesity (BMI = 95th) were randomized into a predetermined intensity group (PIG), exercise intensity around 60-70% of heart rate reserve; or self-selected intensity group (SIG), the adolescents chose the speed/intensity at the beginning of each session and were able to change it every 5 minutes. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were used to assess sleep outcomes.

Efficacy of Creatine Supplementation Combined with Resistance Training on Muscle Strength and Muscle Mass in Older Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Sarcopenia refers to the age-related loss of muscle strength and muscle mass, which is associated with a reduced quality of life, particularly in older females. Resistance training (RT) is well established to be an effective intervention to counter indices of sarcopenia. Accumulating research indicates that the addition of creatine supplementation (Cr) to RT augments gains in muscle strength and muscle mass, compared to RT alone.

Associations between Anthropometrics, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Metabolic Syndrome Components in Brazilian Adolescents with Obesity.

To describe the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Brazilian adolescents with obesity, and to compare anthropometric and cardiorespiratory fitness measurements in relation to the presence of MS. Sixty-seven adolescents (13-18 years, 36 girls) with obesity (body mass index -score ≥2.0) were enrolled.

Pulmonary function changes in older adults with and without metabolic syndrome.

The low-grade inflammation associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) triggers functional and structural alterations in several organs. Whereas lung function impairment is well reported for older adult population, the effect of MS on functional and immunological responses in the lungs remains unclear. In this cross-sectional study we determined whether MS alters pulmonary function, and immunological responses in older adults with MS.

Increased Screen Time Is Associated With Alcohol Desire and Sweetened Foods Consumption During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Elevated screen time has been associated with addictive behaviors, such as alcohol and sugar intake and smoking. Considering the substantial increase in screen time caused by social isolation policies, this study aimed to analyze the association of increased screen time in different devices during the COVID-19 pandemic with consumption and increased desire of alcohol, smoking, and sweetened foods in adults. A sample of 1,897 adults with a mean age of 37.

Barriers to physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic in adults: a cross-sectional study.

Social isolation due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has reduced physical activity levels in both men and women. The identification of barriers to physical activity may assist in developing strategies to increase levels of physical activity during this pandemic. The study aim was identify the barriers to regular participation in physical during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazilian adults.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic stay at home order and social isolation on physical activity levels and sedentary behavior in Brazilian adults.

Objective: To investigate the impact of the coronavirus 2019 pandemic on physical activity levels and sedentary behavior among Brazilians residents aged ≥18 years.

Methods: An online survey was distributed through a social media platform between May 5 and 17, 2020. Participants completed a structured questionnaire in Google Forms, which assessed the physical activity level and sedentary behavior of adults in Brazil during the pandemic.

Are long-term FAD diets restricting micronutrient intake? A randomized controlled trial.

The micronutrient adequacy of common fad diets is rarely assessed. We compared a high-fiber diet [HF] with a low-carbohydrate diet [LC] to assess their effects on body weight and micronutrient adequacy. One hundred and seventy-three adult males and females with or without diabetes with a mean body mass index of 36 kg/m were randomized to either a HF or LC diet.

The same storm but not the same boat: Effects of COVID-19 stay-at-home order on mental health in individuals with overweight.

Objective: To describe the effects of stay-at-home orders and social distancing during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak on mental health and to compare these outcomes between individuals with normal weight and overweight.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1857 Brazilian adults, who were invited through social media to answer an online questionnaire from 5 May 2020 to 17 May 2020. The instrument included questions related to health behaviour, mental health (anxiety, depression, self-esteem, sadness and stress) and overall health.

Association between Physical and Motor Fitness with Cognition in Children.

There is an increased interest in exploring the association between fitness components with cognitive development in children in recent years. One of the scopes is to find the best exercise prescription to enhance health and cognition. Most of the studies so far have focused on cardiorespiratory fitness with little evidence on other fitness components.

Immunometabolic Changes in Hepatocytes Arising from Obesity and the Practice of Physical Exercise.

Over the recent years, a particular interest was shown towards understanding the roles of excessive hepatic fat accumulation and the development of obesity-related diseases. While hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation seems to be a response to the systemic increase of insulin release, fatty acid metabolites contribute to the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). It is widely accepted that NAFLD is a polygenic and multifactorial disease under the influence of critical behavioral factors such as overeating and sedentary lifestyles.

Physical Activity and Heart Rate Variability in Adolescents with Abdominal Obesity.

Physical activity is a protective factor for autonomic dysfunction. However, whether this occurs in adolescents with abdominal obesity is still unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the association between physical activity and heart rate variability (HRV) in adolescents with and without abdominal obesity.

Effectiveness of a 16-month multi-component and environmental school-based intervention for recovery of poor income overweight/obese children and adolescents: study protocol of the health multipliers program.

Background: Excess of weight is a serious public health concern in almost all countries, afflicting people of different ages and socioeconomic backgrounds. Studies have indicated the need for developing treatment strategies that intervene directly in the obesogenic environment. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-component and environmental school-based intervention, lasting 16 months, on the recovery of the nutritional status of low-income children and adolescents with overweight/ obesity.

Changes in HDL-c concentrations after 16 weeks of combined training in postmenopausal women: characteristics of positive and negative responders.

This study aimed to investigate the individual characteristics of body composition and metabolic profile that could explain interindividual variation in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) concentrations in response to 16 weeks of combined strength plus aerobic (combined) training in postmenopausal women. The participants were divided into tertiles based on percentage of changes in HDL-c concentrations after combined training. Only women in the upper tertile (positive responders: Δ > 10.

Non-traditional biomarkers of eating disorder symptoms among female college students.

Eating disorders (ED) are often diagnosed at an advanced stage because traditional symptoms related to unhealthy eating habits are poorly recognized. ED may be also associated with non-traditional and objective biomarkers, which could prove an important screening tool to support health care professionals in diagnosing, treating, and ultimately preventing ED. To investigate the association between non-traditional physiological ED biomarkers and symptoms of ED among female college students.

Associations Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Overweight With Academic Performance in 12-Year-Old Brazilian Children.

Unlabelled: Obesity has been associated with poor academic achievement, while cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been linked to academic success.

Purpose: To investigate whether CRF is associated with academic performance in Brazilian students, independently of body mass index (BMI), fatness and socioeconomic status (SES).

Methods: 392 5th and 6th grade students (193 girls) (12.

Obstetric complications and mother's age at delivery are predictors of eating disorder symptoms among Health Science college students.

Objective: To identify the association between perinatal/neonatal factors and symptoms of eating disorders among college students.

Methods: Four hundred and eight college students (283 women), aged 18 to 23 years old, enrolled in the first semester of a Bachelor of Health Science degree program were included in the sample. Eating disorder symptoms and body image dissatisfaction were assessed with the Eating Attitudes Test and Bulimic Investigatory Test of Edinburgh.

Multidisciplinary intervention in obese adolescents: predictors of dropout.

Objective: To identify biological and psychosocial factors associated with dropout in a multidisciplinary behavioral intervention in obese adolescents.

Methods: A total of 183 adolescents (15.4±1.

Acute effects of high- and low-intensity exercise bouts on leukocyte counts.

Background/objective: It is widely accepted that physical exercise may bring about changes in the immune system. Even acute bouts of exercise can alter the number and function of leukocytes, but the degree of white blood cell trafficking depends on the intensity and duration of exercise. The aim of this study was to analyze the acute and short-term effects of exercise intensity on leukocyte counts and leukocyte subsets.