[Fiscal incentives for pesticides as an anti-health and anti-environmental policy].

Pesticides are hazardous products, and fiscal incentives for such products directly and indirectly impact public resources for health in Brazil, since these incentives encourage pesticide use. The article thus aimed to estimate the tax relief for pesticides in Brazil in 2017. The methodology included a literature search on related tax legislation, followed by estimates based on pesticide expenditures according to the latest national Agricultural Census and foreign trade data.

Pesticide use and economic impacts on health.

Objective: To estimate the externalities associated with acute poisoning from pesticides.

Methods: The probabilities of acute poisoning were estimated according to characteristics of rural properties and cities in the state of Paraná, Southern Brazil. Information about acute poisoning obtained from the 1998-1999 Harvest Forecast Survey was used.

Double standards and the international trade of pesticides: the Brazilian case.

Despite bans on certain pesticides and their replacement by others considered less hazardous, the widespread use of these substances in agriculture continues to threaten the environment and the health of millions of people. This article discusses the current double standard in the international trade of pesticides and focuses on Brazil, one of the main users of pesticides in the world, analyzing the trends in foreign trade (imports and exports) of selected pesticides as a function of changes in legislation in the United States, the European Union, and Brazil from 1989 to 2006. We applied time line analysis to eight organochlorines already banned in Brazil and conducted a case-by-case qualitative and quantitative analysis of nine other pesticides.

[Agricultural activity and environmental externality: an analysis of the use of pesticides in the Brazilian savannah].

This paper discusses the negative externalities associated with the intensive use of pesticides in the Brazilian savannah. These externalities are mainly related to impacts on the environment and on human health (rural workers and families, consumers), the costs of which end up being socialized. The externality considered in the present paper is of soil and water contamination by pesticides.

[Estimating the impact of income on health through income transfer programs for poor elderly in Brazil].

Income levels and health status are related variables, because an increase in income enables greater access to assets that improve individual health status, and because productivity and income gains are associated with improved workers' health. Recent Brazilian experience offers favorable conditions to overcome the simultaneity problem that occurs when estimating the impact of income on health. A special health edition from both the 1998 and 2003 National Household Surveys (PNAD) shows the relationship between changes in these two variables.