Paradigm shift in acute dizziness: is caloric testing obsolete?

Objective: Cold and warm water ear irrigation, also known as bithermal caloric testing, has been considered for over 100 years the 'Gold Standard' for the detection of peripheral vestibular hypofunction. Its discovery was awarded a Nobel Prize. We aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of Caloric Testing when compared to the video head impulse test (vHIT) in differentiating between vestibular neuritis and vestibular strokes in acute dizziness.

Bruns' nystagmus revisited: A sign of stroke in patients with the acute vestibular syndrome.

Objective: Gaze-evoked nystagmus (GEN) is a central sign in patients with the acute vestibular syndrome (AVS); however, discriminating between a pathological and a physiologic GEN is a challenge. Here we evaluate GEN in patients with AVS.

Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, we used video-oculography (VOG) to compare GEN in the light (target at 15° eccentric) in 64 healthy subjects with 47 patients seen in the emergency department (ED) who had AVS; 35 with vestibular neuritis and 12 with stroke.

Cyclic tensile tests of Shetland pony superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFTs) with an optimized cryo-clamp combined with biplanar high-speed fluoroscopy.

Background: Long-term cyclic tensile testing with equine palmar/plantar tendons have not yet been performed due to problems in fixing equine tendons securely and loading them cyclically. It is well established that the biomechanical response of tendons varies during cyclic loading over time. The aim of this study was to develop a clamping device that enables repetitive cyclic tensile testing of equine superficial digital flexor tendon for at least 60 loading cycles and for 5 min.

Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases 1, 2, and 3 Enhances Clearance of Cholesterol Accumulation in Niemann-Pick C1 Fibroblasts.

Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) is a rare genetic cholesterol storage disorder caused by mutations in the gene. Mutations in this transmembrane late endosome protein lead to loss of normal cholesterol efflux from late endosomes and lysosomes. It has been shown that broad spectrum histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi's) such as Vorinostat correct the cholesterol accumulation phenotype in the majority of NPC1 mutants tested in cultured cells.

The Use of Informer Sets in Screening: Perspectives on an Efficient Strategy to Identify New Probes.

Small-molecule discovery typically involves large-scale screening campaigns, spanning multiple compound collections. However, such activities can be cost- or time-prohibitive, especially when using complex assay systems, limiting the number of compounds tested. Further, low hit rates can make the process inefficient.

Assessment of Tumor Volume Dynamics and Outcome After Radiosurgery for the Treatment of Vestibular Schwannoma: A Single-Center Experience.

Objective: To assess the factors affecting early local and audiometric outcomes in vestibular schwannoma (VS) patients treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).

Study Design: A retrospective review of medical records.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Biplanar High-Speed Fluoroscopy of Pony Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon (SDFT)-An In Vivo Pilot Study.

The superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) is the most frequently injured structure of the musculoskeletal system in sport horses and a common cause for early retirement. This project's aim was to visualize and measure the strain of the sound, injured, and healing SDFTs in a pony during walk and trot. For this purpose, biplanar high-speed fluoroscopic kinematography (FluoKin), as a high precision X-ray movement analysis tool, was used for the first time in vivo with equine tendons.

[Ophthalmic emergencies: training via interactive key feature cases for medical students].

Background: Autonomous diagnosis and assessment of medical emergencies are important skills to acquire for medical students. Ophthalmology features certain specialty-specific "red flag" signs and symptoms, which pose a challenge for educators in ophthalmology. To support medical students in identifying those "red flags" we developed and implemented interactive cases for our e‑learning platform.

A humanised rat model of osteosarcoma reveals ultrastructural differences between bone and mineralised tumour tissue.

Current xenograft animal models fail to accurately replicate the complexity of human bone disease. To gain translatable and clinically valuable data from animal models, new in vivo models need to be developed that mimic pivotal aspects of human bone physiology as well as its diseased state. Above all, an advanced bone disease model should promote the development of new treatment strategies and facilitate the conduction of common clinical interventional procedures.

Stroke Prediction Based on the Spontaneous Nystagmus Suppression Test in Dizzy Patients: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study.

Objective: Failure of fixation suppression of spontaneous nystagmus is sometimes seen in patients with vestibular strokes involving the cerebellum or brainstem; however, the accuracy of this test for the discrimination between peripheral and central causes in patients with an acute vestibular syndrome (AVS) is unknown.

Methods: Patients with AVS were screened and recruited (convenience sample) as part of a prospective cross-sectional study in the emergency department between 2015 and 2020. All patients received neuroimaging, which served as a reference standard.

Impaired fixation suppression of horizontal vestibular nystagmus during smooth pursuit: pathophysiology and clinical implications.

Background And Purpose: A peripheral spontaneous nystagmus (SN) is typically enhanced or revealed by removing fixation. Conversely, failure of fixation suppression of SN is usually a sign of a central disorder. Based on Luebke and Robinson (Vision Res 1988, vol.

MRI-Compatible and Conformal Electrocorticography Grids for Translational Research.

Intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) captures neural information from the surface of the cerebral cortex during surgeries such as resections for intractable epilepsy and tumors. Current clinical ECoG grids come in evenly spaced, millimeter-sized electrodes embedded in silicone rubber. Their mechanical rigidity and fixed electrode spatial resolution are common shortcomings reported by the surgical teams.

[Preparing for a pandemic].

On 16 March 2020 the government of Bavaria declared a state of emergency due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This confronted all clinics with completely new and difficult challenges. In accordance with the official requirements, pandemic officers were appointed at the Kempten Clinic and a clinical management team was established.

Transformation of jarosite during simulated remediation of a sandy sulfuric soil.

Aeration of wetland soils containing iron (Fe) sulfides can cause strong acidification due to the generation of large amounts of sulfuric acid and formation of Fe oxyhydroxy sulfate phases such as jarosite. Remediation by re-establishment of anoxic conditions promotes jarosite transformation to Fe oxyhydroxides and/or Fe sulfides, but the driving conditions and mechanisms are largely unresolved. We investigated a sandy, jarosite-containing soil (initial pH = 3.

Tricyanidoferrates(-IV) and Ruthenates(-IV) with Non-Innocent Cyanido Ligands.

Exceptionally electron-rich, nearly trigonal-planar tricyanidometalate anions [Fe(CN) ] and [Ru(CN) ] were stabilized in LiSr [Fe(CN) ] and AE [M(CN) ] (AE=Sr, Ba; M=Fe, Ru). They are the first examples of group 8 elements with the oxidation state of -IV. Microcrystalline powders were obtained by a solid-state route, single crystals from alkali metal flux.

Identification of druggable host targets needed for SARS-CoV-2 infection by combined pharmacological evaluation and cellular network directed prioritization both in vitro and in vivo.

Identification of host factors contributing to replication of viruses and resulting disease progression remains a promising approach for development of new therapeutics. Here, we evaluated 6710 clinical and preclinical compounds targeting 2183 host proteins by immunocytofluorescence-based screening to identify SARS-CoV-2 infection inhibitors. Computationally integrating relationships between small molecule structure, dose-response antiviral activity, host target and cell interactome networking produced cellular networks important for infection.

HDAC2 targeting stabilizes the CoREST complex in renal tubular cells and protects against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Histone/protein deacetylases (HDAC) 1 and 2 are typically viewed as structurally and functionally similar enzymes present within various co-regulatory complexes. We tested differential effects of these isoforms in renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) using inducible knockout mice and found no significant change in ischemic tolerance with HDAC1 deletion, but mitigation of ischemic injury with HDAC2 deletion. Restriction of HDAC2 deletion to the kidney via transplantation or PAX8-controlled proximal renal tubule-specific Cre resulted in renal IRI protection.

Risk factors for open-angle glaucoma and recommendations for glaucoma screening.

Open-angle glaucomas are a group of chronic progressive optic nerve neuropathies with a gonioscopic open anterior chamber angle. They are one of the main causes of visual impairment and blindness in industrialized countries. The aim of this article is to discuss and evaluate the epidemiology and risk factors for the development of open-angle glaucoma and to present the screening procedure for open-angle glaucoma according to the recently published S2e guidelines of the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF).

Treatment of Osteochondral Lesion of the First Metatarsal Head: Osteochondral Graft Transplantation Combined With Moberg Osteotomy: Case Report.

Most osteochondral lesions of the first metatarsal head are likely traumatic in etiology. The treatment ranges from microfractures to mosaicplasty. In this case report, we describe a central osteochondral lesion of the first metatarsal head treated with osteochondral graft obtained from the head of the same metatarsal in combination with Moberg osteotomy.

Quantifying the environmental impact of clustering strategies in waste management: A case study for plastic recycling from large household appliances.

The complex composition of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) plastics represents a challenge during post-consumption plastic recycling. A single WEEE category, e.g.

Establishment of a Pediatric Surgical Unit at a University Hospital in Eastern Africa.

Introduction: Ethiopia is a rapidly developing country in Eastern Africa. In total, 43.2% of the population are younger than 15.

Vestibular dose correlates with dizziness after radiosurgery for the treatment of vestibular schwannoma.

Background: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been recognized as a first-line treatment option for small to moderate sized vestibular schwannoma (VS). Our aim is to evaluate the impact of SRS doses and other patient and disease characteristics on vestibular function in patients with VS.

Methods: Data on VS patients treated with single-fraction SRS to 12 Gy were retrospectively reviewed.