Pop Goes the Lung: Bilateral Pneumothoraces Due to Delayed Pneumatocele Rupture in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Worldwide medical and scientific communities are focusing on further understanding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complications and its long-term impact on survivors. Pneumatocele cases are being reported more as a consequence of this virus and a cause of pneumothorax in certain patients. In this case vignette, we present a previously healthy male with COVID-19 symptoms who required hospitalization for hypoxia and who required readmission for bilateral pneumothorax from the delayed rupture of pneumatoceles.

Trust matters: The Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy in Europe Study.

This article presents the design of a seven-country study focusing on childhood vaccines, Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy in Europe (VAX-TRUST), developed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study consists of (a) situation analysis of vaccine hesitancy (examination of individual, socio-demographic and macro-level factors of vaccine hesitancy and analysis of media coverage on vaccines and vaccination and (b) participant observation and in-depth interviews of healthcare professionals and vaccine-hesitant parents. These analyses were used to design interventions aimed at increasing awareness on the complexity of vaccine hesitancy among healthcare professionals involved in discussing childhood vaccines with parents.

Structure Determination of Biogenic Crystals Directly from 3D Electron Diffraction Data.

Highly reflective assemblies of purine, pteridine, and flavin crystals are used in the coloration and visual systems of many different animals. However, structure determination of biogenic crystals by single-crystal XRD is challenging due to the submicrometer size and beam sensitivity of the crystals, and powder XRD is inhibited due to the small volumes of powders, crystalline impurity phases, and significant preferred orientation. Consequently, the crystal structures of many biogenic materials remain unknown.

The Predominance of the Health-Promoting Patterns of Work Behavior and Experience in General Practice Teams-Results of the IMPROVE Study.

This study aims to identify the distribution of the "Work-related behavior and experience patterns" (Arbeitsbezogenes Verhaltens-und Erlebnismuster, AVEM) in general practitioners and their teams by using baseline data of the IMPROVE study. Members of 60 general practices with 84 physicians in a leadership position, 28 employed physicians, and 254 practice assistants participated in a survey in 2019 and 2020. In this analysis, we focused on AVEM variables.

How Can We Identify Extraprostatic Extension (EPE) Before Surgery? The Use of a Preoperative Prostate MRI EPE Scoring System to Assess Postprostatectomy Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer.

Distinguishing between organ-confined disease and extraprostatic extension (EPE) is crucial for the treatment of patients with prostate cancer. EPE is associated with an increased risk of biochemical recurrence, positive surgical margins, and metastatic disease. An MRI-based EPE scoring system was developed by Mehralivand in 2019; however, it has not been adopted in the Urology community.

Treatment outcome of IDH1/2 wildtype CNS WHO grade 4 glioma histologically diagnosed as WHO grade II or III astrocytomas.

Background: Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1/2 wildtype (wt) astrocytomas formerly classified as WHO grade II or III have significantly shorter PFS and OS than IDH mutated WHO grade 2 and 3 gliomas leading to a classification as CNS WHO grade 4. It is the aim of this study to evaluate differences in the treatment-related clinical course of these tumors as they are largely unknown.

Methods: Patients undergoing surgery (between 2016-2019 in six neurosurgical departments) for a histologically diagnosed WHO grade 2-3 IDH1/2-wt astrocytoma were retrospectively reviewed to assess progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and prognostic factors.

Evaluation of Circulating Tumor DNA as a Liquid Biomarker in Uveal Melanoma.

Purpose: Uveal melanoma (UM) has a high propensity to metastasize. Prognosis is associated with specific driver mutations and copy number variations (CNVs), but limited primary tumor tissue is available for molecular characterization due to eye-sparing irradiation treatment. This study aimed to assess the rise in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) levels in UM and evaluate its efficacy for CNV-profiling of patients with UM.

Hybrid ultrasound and single wavelength optoacoustic imaging reveals muscle degeneration in peripheral artery disease.

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) leads to chronic vascular occlusion and results in end organ damage in critically perfused limbs. There are currently no clinical methods available to determine the muscular damage induced by chronic mal-perfusion. This monocentric prospective cross-sectional study investigated n = 193 adults, healthy to severe PAD, in order to quantify the degree of calf muscle degeneration caused by PAD using a non-invasive hybrid ultrasound and single wavelength optoacoustic imaging (US/SWL-OAI) approach.

A Comparison of Teleburn to In-Person Consultation of Pediatric Patients in a Children's Emergency Department.

Pediatric burn care is an essential component of emergency care and there are disparities in access to regional burn centers. Teleburn is a tool that enables providers without a certified burn center to provide photos of a burn to experts and receive recommendations. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a Teleburn system to the in-person consultation regarding burn infection rate, clinic follow-up rate, postburn admission rate, and 72-h bounce back rate.

Age-related exacerbation of lung damage after trauma is associated with increased expression of inflammasome components.

Background: Trauma, a significant global cause of mortality and disability, often leads to fractures and hemorrhagic shock, initiating an exaggerated inflammatory response, which harms distant organs, particularly the lungs. Elderly individuals are more vulnerable to immune dysregulation post-trauma, leading to heightened organ damage, infections, and poor health outcomes. This study investigates the role of NF-κB and inflammasomes in lung damage among aged mice post-trauma.

Patient-physician communication about cancer-related fatigue: a survey of patient-perceived barriers.

Purpose: Cancer-related fatigue is a subjective, distressing, and common sequela of cancer which is often disregarded and underdiagnosed. Fatigue is assessed by self-report requiring communication between patient and physician. In this study, we investigated the patients' perspective on the patient-physician communication about fatigue.

Population data-based federated machine learning improves automated echocardiographic quantification of cardiac structure and function: the project.

Aims: Machine-learning (ML)-based automated measurement of echocardiography images emerges as an option to reduce observer variability. The objective of the study is to improve the accuracy of a pre-existing automated reading tool ('original detector') by federated ML-based re-training.

Methods And Results: was based on the echocardiography images of = 4965 participants of the population-based Characteristics and Course of Heart Failure Stages A-B and Determinants of Progression Cohort Study.

Impact of a Mediterranean diet, physical activity, body composition, and insulin delivery methods on metabolic control in children with type 1 diabetes.

Aims: To evaluate the synergistic impact of diet, lifestyle and technology on glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 112 randomly selected patients with T1D from Gran Canaria (median age 12 years; 51.8% female).

Fluorescein-stained confocal laser endomicroscopy versus conventional frozen section for intraoperative histopathological assessment of intracranial tumors.

Background: The aim of this clinical trial was to compare Fluorescein-stained intraoperative confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) of intracranial lesions and evaluation by a neuropathologist with routine intraoperative frozen section (FS) assessment by neuropathology.

Methods: In this phase II noninferiority, prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized, off-label clinical trial (EudraCT: 2019-004512-58), patients above the age of 18 years with any intracranial lesion scheduled for elective resection were included. The diagnostic accuracies of both CLE and FS referenced with the final histopathological diagnosis were statistically compared in a noninferiority analysis, representing the primary endpoint.

Microsurgical Clipping of Unruptured Anterior Circulation Aneurysms-A Global Multicenter Investigation of Perioperative Outcomes.

Background And Objectives: Microsurgical aneurysm repair by clipping continues to be highly important despite increasing endovascular treatment options, especially because of inferior occlusion rates. This study aimed to present current global microsurgical treatment practices and to identify risk factors for complications and neurological deterioration after clipping of unruptured anterior circulation aneurysms.

Methods: Fifteen centers from 4 continents participated in this retrospective cohort study.

Phase II Study of Eribulin plus Pembrolizumab in Metastatic Soft-tissue Sarcomas: Clinical Outcomes and Biological Correlates.

Purpose: Eribulin modulates the tumor-immune microenvironment via cGAS-STING signaling in preclinical models. This non-randomized phase II trial evaluated the combination of eribulin and pembrolizumab in patients with soft-tissue sarcomas (STS).

Patients And Methods: Patients enrolled in one of three cohorts: leiomyosarcoma (LMS), liposarcomas (LPS), or other STS that may benefit from PD-1 inhibitors, including undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS).

[Oncology: what's new in 2023].

The oncology field continues its remarkable evolution over the years, with promising advances leading to innovative and individualized treatments. The development of new molecules, the identification of new therapeutic targets and the search for new sequences or combinations promise to revolutionize cancer treatments and contribute to improving survival rates, patients' quality of life and to open new perspective in oncology research. In this article, the newest data released in 2023 are reviewed.

Trends in childhood vaccination in Pakistan and associated factors; 2006-2018.

Introduction: Pakistan still has ongoing transmission of wild type polio virus. This study aims to determine changes in full vaccination with recommended Expanded Program on Immunization vaccines, including polio, by several socio-economic and demographic factors.

Methods: We used three waves of Pakistan's Demographic and Health Survey, a population-based cross-sectional study from 2006-07 (N = 1471), 2012-13 (N = 1706), and 2017-18 (N = 1549), analyzed by residence, wealth, and sociodemographic factors.

Differences in diagnostic rules used to determine borderline personality disorder impact prevalence and associations with clinically relevant variables: Findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious and understudied mental health condition associated with profound personal and public health consequences. Methodological differences in characterizing BPD may limit understanding the scope of the disorder's prevalence and effect. For example, using different diagnostic rules for BPD can affect apparent prevalence, comorbidity, and clinical presentation.

The Role of Gut and Oral Microbiota in the Formation and Rupture of Intracranial Aneurysms: A Literature Review.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the role of the microbiome in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Emerging research highlights the potential role of the microbiome in intracranial aneurysm (IA) formation and rupture, particularly in relation to inflammation. In this review, we aim to explore the existing literature regarding the influence of the gut and oral microbiome on IA formation and rupture.

Cancer-related fatigue: Quality, credibility, usability, and readability of information on websites of health care institutions in Germany.

Objectives: This study aimed to portray available information on cancer-related fatigue on German health care institution websites considering the idea of patient empowerment.

Methods: Based on website quality criteria, we developed a website-rating tool comprising 18 items. Descriptive analyses, a KruskalWallis test, and corresponding post hoc tests comparing rating sum scores between institution groups were performed.

A Retrospective Pilot Study of Imagery Rehearsal Therapy Enhanced with Narrative Therapy Principles for the Treatment of Nightmares in US Military Veterans.

 Chronic nightmares are a common and disabling feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for which broadly effective treatments are still lacking. While imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT) demonstrates benefits for patients with idiopathic nightmares and some patients with PTSD-related nightmares, research indicates it may be less beneficial for veterans. Narrative therapy (NT) is a form of psychotherapy which is client-centered and value-focused and has demonstrated benefits for PTSD patients.