Bullying and oral health in Egyptian adolescents: the moderating role of sense of coherence and resistance to peer influence.

Background: Bullying is the intentional, repeated and prolonged aggressive behavior towards victim(s) who feel powerless to defend themselves. It could influence adolescents' mental health. Some adolescents possess coping skills which enable them to overcome such adversities.

Development and acceptability of behavioral interventions promoting mothers' brushing of pre-school children's teeth: The preparation phase of the multi-phase optimization strategy framework.

Background: Early childhood caries can be prevented through regular parental-supported toothbrushing, indicating the importance of behavior modification interventions targeting parents. Mobile oral health (m-oral health) interventions are gaining increased popularity although their production is not always based on solid theoretical frameworks and evidence about the efficacy of individual intervention components is not available. The Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) offers a framework to develop complex m-oral health interventions and assessing the efficacy of individual components.

A multi-country study on the impact of sex and age on oral features of COVID-19 infection in adolescents and young adults.

Background: Oral diseases are features of COVID-19 infection. There is, however, little known about oral diseases associated with COVID-19 in adolescents and young adults (AYA). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess oral lesions' association with COVID-19 infection in AYA; and to identify if sex and age will modify these associations.

Association between COVID-19 stress, coping mechanisms and stress-related oral conditions among Egyptian adults: a cross-sectional study.

The present study investigated the association between COVID-19 stresses and oral conditions including gingivitis, oral hygiene, oral ulcers, and dry mouth. This was a cross-sectional study that collected data from adults in community settings in Alexandria, Egypt, between October 2021, and February 2022. Gingival condition and oral hygiene were assessed using the gingival and plaque indices.

Anxiety among Adolescents and Young Adults during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multi-Country Survey.

(1) Background: Adolescents-and-young-adults (AYA) are prone to anxiety. This study assessed AYA's level of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic; and determined if anxiety levels were associated with country-income and region, socio-demographic profile and medical history of individuals. (2) Methods: A survey collected data from participants in 25 countries.

Cigarettes' use and capabilities-opportunities-motivation-for-behavior model: a multi-country survey of adolescents and young adults.

The use of cigarettes among adolescents and young adults (AYA) is an important issue. This study assessed the association between regular and electronic-cigarettes use among AYA and factors of the Capability-Motivation-Opportunity-for-Behavior-change (COM-B) model. A multi-country survey was conducted between August-2020 and January-2021, Data was collected using the Global-Youth-Tobacco-Survey and Generalized-Anxiety-Disorder-7-item-scale.

Oral manifestations in young adults infected with COVID-19 and impact of smoking: a multi-country cross-sectional study.

Background: Oral manifestations and lesions could adversely impact the quality of people's lives. COVID-19 infection may interact with smoking and the impact on oral manifestations is yet to be discovered.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the self-reported presence of oral lesions by COVID-19-infected young adults and the differences in the association between oral lesions and COVID-19 infection in smokers and non-smokers.

Factors affecting contraceptive use among currently married women in Iraq in 2018.

Level of contraceptive use is one of the primary proximate determinants of fertility level. Among Arab countries, Iraq experiences high fertility rates, especially among adolescents. According to the 2018 Iraq Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (IMICS 2018), 52.

Child discomfort and parental acceptability of silver diamine fluoride and alternative restorative treatment: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

Objectives: To compare pain perception of young children treated with SDF and ART, as well as their parents' acceptability of both modalities.

Methods: Eighty, 3 to 8-years old children, having at least one deciduous asymptomatic tooth with active caries, as defined by the ICDAS II scores 4, 5, 6 were randomly assigned into two groups; SDF for caries arresting in the test group, and ART for caries removal in the control group. Pain perception was assessed using Sound, Eye, Motor scale (SEM), whereas parental acceptability was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire.

Comparison of two minimally invasive restorative techniques in improving the oral health-related quality of life of pregnant women: a six months randomized controlled trial.

Background: Women tend to delay dental treatment due to misconceptions regarding the safety of dental procedures during pregnancy which may negatively affect their quality of life. Minimally invasive restorative techniques offer alternatives for caries treatment and can improve their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) during this stage.

Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in 2019 and included 162 pregnant women visiting public family health centers in Alexandria, Egypt, with mild to moderate dental pain due to caries.

The impact of minimally invasive restorative techniques on perception of dental pain among pregnant women: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: The public dental care sector is striving to fulfill the preventive and restorative needs of Egyptians, including pregnant women, who may not receive timely care due to misconceptions about dental treatment during pregnancy. Because of this, they are likely to suffer dental pain, with higher risk of infection affecting their offsprings.

Aim Of The Study: To compare the effectiveness of chemo-mechanical caries removal using Papacarie-Duo and Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) in reducing dental pain among pregnant women.

Parenting practices and oral health status in rural areas in Egypt: a household survey.

Background: Parenting practices influence children's health and development. The present study assessed the association between parenting practices and oral health status of children living in rural areas in Egypt.

Methods: A cross-sectional household survey including 190 households and 392 children was conducted from May 2019 to January 2020 in four villages in Egypt.

The recent increase in contraceptive discontinuation in Egypt.

This study sought to establish whether recent changes in discontinuation of contractive use and switching in Egypt can be considered an important cause of the unexpected increase in overall fertility and slight fall in contraceptive prevalence in the country. The analysis was based on calendar data from the 2008 and 2014 Egyptian DHS. Single/multiple decrement life tables were built to calculate contraceptive discontinuation rates and examine these by reasons for discontinuation focusing on three methods: IUDs, pills and injectables.

Dichloroacetate is an antimetabolite that antagonizes acetate and deprives cancer cells from its benefits: A novel evidence-based medical hypothesis.

Dichloroacetate (DCA) is a promising safe anticancer drug that cured a patient with chemoresistant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and treated lactic acidosis effectively. The well-known mechanism of DCA action is through stimulating Krebs cycle (stimulating pyruvate dehydrogenase via inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase). This prevents lactate formation (Warburg effect) depriving cancer cells of lactate-based benefits e.

Dentists' intention to report suspected violence: a cross-sectional study in eight Arab countries.

Objectives: This study assessed dentists' intention in eight Arab countries to report suspected exposure to violence among patients and factors associated with this intention based on the theory of planned behaviour.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 including a convenience sample of dentists practising in public, private and academic sectors in Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Palestine, Saudi Arabia and Yemen. Respondents answered a self-administered questionnaire collecting information about personal and professional background and perceived ability to identify victims of violence.

Preparation and evaluation of Enteritidis antigen conjugated with nanogold for screening of poultry flocks.

Aim: The present work aimed to develop lateral flow immunochromatographic strip (ICS) test for detection of Enteritidis (SE) specific antibodies in chicken sera.

Materials And Methods: A rapid lateral flow immunochromatographic test (LFIT) has been developed, in which SE Group D antigen labeled with the gold chloride molecules laid on the conjugate pad. protein A was used as capture antibody at the test line (T) of a nitrocellulose (NC) membrane and anti-SE antigen-specific rabbit antibodies were used as capture antibody at the control line (C) of the NC strip in the lateral flow layout device.

Arab dentists' refusal to treat HIV positive patients: a survey of recently graduated dentists from three Arab dental schools.

Objective: To assess intended refusal of recent graduates from three Arab dental schools to treat HIV + patients and factors associated with this intention.

Materials And Methods: In 2015, convenience samples of recent dental graduates were included from Libya, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates. Participants responded to a questionnaire assessing personal background, knowledge of oral manifestations and fluids transmitting HIV, perceived adequacy of training and self-efficacy to manage blood exposures, attitude to risk of infection, moral beliefs and willingness to treat HIV + patients.

Factors affecting student participation in extra-curricular activities: A comparison between two Middle Eastern dental schools.

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the level of participation of dental undergraduate students in extracurricular activities (ECAs) and the factors affecting this participation.

Methods: The study included dental students enrolled in undergraduate programs at the Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt, and the College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was developed to collect background information about students, their participation in ECAs, and time allocated for these activities.

Association of Healthy Eating, Juice Consumption, and Bacterial Counts with Early Childhood Caries.

Purpose: To investigate the association of healthy diet, snacking, and bacterial count with early childhood caries in a group of preschool children in Alexandria, Egypt.

Methods: Sixty preschoolers were divided into three groups: (1) caries-free children; (2) children with early childhood caries (ECC); and (3) children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). Saliva was cultured to determine bacterial counts.

Assessment of the Healthy Eating Index-2005 as a predictor of early childhood caries.

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a multifactorial disease resulting mainly from a time-specific interaction of micro-organisms with sugars on a tooth surface.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of dietary intake, as measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005) to ECC.

Design: Cross-sectional analytical study.

Assessment of the Accuracy of Two Dental Screening Methods Used in a School Setting.

Purpose: To assess the accuracy of two screening methods used by dentists in the Health Insurance Organisation in Alexandria, Egypt aiming at identifying children who need referral for treatment.

Materials And Methods: The study included 45 dentists who examined 30 children using exclusively visual screening (VS) and visual screening with tongue blade (VSTB). A benchmark dentist examined the same group of children using mirror and probe (MP).

Critical care nurses' perception of barriers and supportive behaviors in end-of-life care.

Aim: To investigate critical care nurses' perceptions of barriers and supportive behaviors in providing end of life (EOL) care to dying patients and their families.

Methods: The study involved a convenient sample of 70 nurses who were involved in caring for critically ill patients. Data were collected using a structured interview sheet.