Stepwise Protocols for Scoring of Mitral Valve using Three-Dimensional Transthoracic Echocardiography in Mitral Stenosis.

Aim: This study aims to propose protocols that enable scoring of mitral valve (MV) in mitral stenosis using the three-dimensional (3D) scoring system.

Methods: A two-staged study was conducted. The first stage was designed to select the best 3D images of MV leaflets and chordae through analysis of 471 images.

Validation of a new score for the assessment of mitral stenosis using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography.

Background: The aim of this study was to validate a new real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) score for evaluating patients with mitral stenosis (MS).

Methods: A two-staged study was conducted. In the first stage, the feasibility of a new RT3DE score was assessed in 17 patients with MS.

Unusual bileaflet tricuspid valve by real time three-dimensional echocardiography.

The right atrioventricular valve is formed by three leaflets as described by the classic anatomic studies. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2DE) shows the tricuspid valve (TV) in its long axis. However, short-axis views of the TV leaflets are not generally obtained and therefore distinction between leaflets by 2DE is difficult.