Novel and reported compensatory mutations in genes found in drug resistant tuberculosis outbreaks.

Background: Rifampicin (RIF) is a key first-line drug used to treat tuberculosis, a primarily pulmonary disease caused by . RIF resistance is caused by mutations in , at the cost of slower growth and reduced transcription efficiency. Antibiotic resistance to RIF is prevalent despite this fitness cost.

Rifabutin and rifampin resistance levels and associated rpoB mutations in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.

Cross-resistance in rifamycins has been observed in rifampin (RIF)-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates; some rpoB mutations do not confer broad in vitro rifamycin resistance. We examined 164 isolates, of which 102 were RIF-resistant, for differential resistance between RIF and rifabutin (RFB). A total of 42 unique single mutations or combinations of mutations were detected.

Using Cystic Fibrosis Therapies for Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis.

Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) is an increasingly prevalent disease that places a significant burden on patients and health systems globally. Although many of the therapies used to treat NCFB were originally developed as cystic fibrosis (CF) therapies, not all of them have been demonstrated to be efficacious in NCFB and some may even be harmful. This article explores the evidence for which therapeutic strategies used to treat CF have been translated into the care of NCFB.