L-arginine mitigates choroid plexus changes in Alzheimer's disease rat model via oxidative/inflammatory burden and behavioral modulation.

Aging is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), leading to choroid plexus (CP) alterations. This study aimed to explore the possible therapeutic mechanisms of ARG on AD-induced CP changes. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 7 per group): adult, adult+ARG, aged, aged+ARG, aged+AD, and aged+AD+ARG groups.

Implementing Formative Assessment in Human Anatomy Practical Sessions: Medical Students' Perception and Effect on Final Exam Performance.

Background: Formative assessment with feedback is part of the assessment program in medical education to improve students' learning. Limited research has focused on its application and impact on practical anatomy education.

Methods: This study aimed to examine medical students' perceptions of formative assessment in practical anatomy sessions of body systems-based educational units and explore its influence on final practical exam performance.

Prenatal aripiprazole induces alterations of rat placenta: a histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.

Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are used to treat many psychiatric illnesses as schizophrenia. Typical antipsychotic drugs (TAPDs) are being used; however, they have many side effects. Atypical antipsychotic drugs (AAPDs) are newer medications with known fewer side effects.

Caffeine protects against hippocampal alterations in type 2 diabetic rats via modulation of gliosis, inflammation and apoptosis.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is implicated in the injury of several organs, including the brain resulting in neuronal damage, which may lead to cognitive impairment and dementia. Additionally, it is linked to inflammation, cytokine release, apoptosis and various degenerative conditions. Astrocytes and microglia might have a role in mediating these processes.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel alleviates lithium-induced alterations in the thyroid gland of rats by modulating apoptosis and oxidative stress.

Lithium carbonate (LC) is known to alter thyroid gland function. Pomegranate (PG) is a fruit with multiple antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. Here, we studied the effect of PG on LC-induced morphological and functional alterations in the thyroid glands of rats.

Nasal septal anatomical variations among Saudi population and their possible coincidence with sinusitis: a computed tomography scan study.

The nasal septum is a crucial supporting factor for the nasal cavity and may develop several anatomical variants including septal deviation, spur and pneumatization. These variants could be associated with a higher incidence of sinusitis due to structural and functional alterations. So, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of nasal septal deviation (NSD), nasal septal spur (NSS) and nasal septal pneumatization (NSP) among the Saudi adult population and their links with the incidence of sinusitis by using computed tomography (CT).

Topical onion juice mitigates the morphological alterations of the cornea in the aged male rats.

Aging is associated with structural and functional changes of the cornea. Fresh onion juice contains phenolic compounds and flavonoids that may provide an anti-aging effect. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of the onion juice to ameliorate these aging changes.

Prevalence of the anatomical variations of concha bullosa and its relation with sinusitis among Saudi population: a computed tomography scan study.

Concha bullosa (CB) is a pneumatic cavitation inside a concha in the nasal cavity. It is one of the most widely recognized nasal variations and is mostly found in the middle concha. CB is divided according to its site into three types; lamellar, bulbous and extensive.

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor improves intervertebral disc degeneration in experimental adult male rats: A microscopic and radiological study.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a major contributor to low back pain (LBP). Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (GCSF) is known to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that may be implicated in intervertebral disc (IVD) regeneration. Rats were divided into the following three groups: (i) control group; (ii) IVDD group-the rats underwent Co5/Co6 and Co7/Co8 IVDD operation; and (iii) GCSF-treated group-the rats received daily GCSF subcutaneous injections starting 6 weeks after the IVDD operation and continued for 5 days.

Histopathological and biochemical alterations of the parotid gland induced by experimental hypothyroidism in adult male rats and the possible therapeutic effect of Nigella sativa oil.

Thyroid hormones are essential for metabolic rate regulation and play a role on the integrity of the salivary glands. Nigella sativa is a widely used plant in medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on the hypothyroidism-induced parotid gland pathological alterations.

The potential curative and preventive effects of garlic on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in orchiectomized rats.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common aging disease in men. Garlic is known to have anti-proliferative effects. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the curative and preventive effects of garlic on BPH in rats.

Harderian gland-derived stem cells as a cytotherapy in a guinea pig model of carboplatin-induced hearing loss.

Background: Stem cells therapy of hearing loss is a challenging field due to lacking self-regenerative capacity of cochlea. Harderian gland of guinea pigs was thought to harbour a unique type of progenitors which could restore the damaged cochlear tissues.

The Aim: of this study was to isolate Harderian gland derived stem cells (HG-SCs) and investigate their efficacy in restoring the damaged cochlear tissue in carboplatin-induced hearing loss.

Therapeutic efficacy of olfactory stem cells in rotenone induced Parkinsonism in adult male albino rats.

Background: Olfactory stem cells (OSCs) are found in the olfactory mucosa and olfactory bulb and have the capacity to proliferate and differentiate along multiple tissue lineages. Rotenone; widely used insecticide has a neurodegenerative effect on the dopaminergic cells of substantia nigra (SN) of midbrain producing Parkinsonism. The aim of this study is to isolate rat OSCs from olfactory mucosa and olfactory bulb, culture these OSCs in suitable medium to allow for their proliferation to be used in the treatment of Parkinsonism induced by rotenone.

A Morphometric Study of the Patterns and Variations of the Acromion and Glenoid Cavity of the Scapulae in Egyptian Population.

Background: Owing to its many variations, scapula became one of the most interesting bones of the human skeleton.

Aim: To measure acromial and glenoid morphology in to describe their anatomical patterns and variations in Egyptians to establish possible morphofunctional correlations related to race, geographic region and literature data.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and sixty scapulae of unknown age and sex were studied.