Effective options for addressing air quality- related environmental public health burdens in Saudi Arabia.

Air pollution poses major disease burdens globally and accounts for approximately 10% of deaths annually through its contribution to a variety of respiratory, cardiovascular, and other diseases. The burden of disease is particularly acute in Saudi Arabia, where a mix of anthropogenic and natural sources of air pollution threatens public health. Addressing these burdens requires careful study of the costs and effectiveness of available technologies and policies for reducing emissions (mitigation) and avoiding exposure (adaptation).

Environmental Risk Factors and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses.

: Environmental health is a growing area of knowledge, continually increasing and updating the body of evidence linking the environment to human health. : This study summarizes the epidemiological evidence on environmental risk factors from meta-analyses through an umbrella review. : An umbrella review was conducted on meta-analyses of cohort, case-control, case-crossover, and time-series studies that evaluated the associations between environmental risk factors and health outcomes defined as incidence, prevalence, and mortality.