Predicting factors and clinical outcome of biochemical incomplete response in middle eastern differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Purpose: The aim of this study was evaluate biochemical incomplete response (BIR) in Middle Eastern differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), identify factors that could predict BIR before radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation and to investigate the long-term clinical outcome of DTC patient exhibiting BIR to initial therapy.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 1286 DTCs from Middle Eastern ethnicity who underwent total thyroidectomy and RAI therapy. Demograpic and clinico-pathological factors predicting BIR were evaluated.

Predictive risk factors for distant metastasis in pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer from Saudi Arabia.

Background: Despite their excellent prognosis, children and young adults (CAYA) with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) tend to have more frequent occurrence of distant metastasis (DM) compared to adult DTC. Data about DM in CAYA from Middle Eastern ethnicity is limited.

Methods: Medical records of 170 patients with DTC ≤18 years were retrospectively reviewed.

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) predicts disease-free survival in mutant papillary thyroid carcinoma in middle eastern patients.

Background: X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) is the most potent caspase inhibitory IAP family member and its over-expression is implicated in aggressive behavior of various solid tumors, including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). mutation is the most common oncogenic event in PTC and is also known to be associated with aggressive clinico-pathological characteristics. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of XIAP expression in more than 1600 PTCs from Middle Eastern ethnicity and its prognostic value to predict disease-free survival (DFS), in combination with the mutation.

Exome sequencing revealed comparable frequencies of RNF43 and BRAF mutations in Middle Eastern colorectal cancer.

Mutation-induced activation of Wnt-β Catenin signaling pathway is frequent in CRC. The E3 ubiquitin ligase, RNF43, has been reported to negatively regulate the Wnt signaling pathway and RNF43 mutations are frequently seen in CRC. However, its role in Middle Eastern CRC remains unclear.

Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations in cancers derived from multiple organ sites among middle eastern population.

Sanger Sequencing and immunohistochemistry was employed to investigate the TERT promoter mutations and TERT protein expression with their association to clinicopathological characteristics in over 2200 samples of Middle Eastern origin from 13 different types of cancers. The TERT promoter mutations were most frequently present in bladder cancer (68.6%), followed by central nervous system tumors (28.

Prevalence, spectrum, and founder effect of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in epithelial ovarian cancer from the Middle East.

Germline mutations in breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 and 2 have previously been estimated to contribute to 13-18% of all epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). To characterize the prevalence and effect of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in Middle Eastern EOC patients, BRCA mutation screening was performed in 407 unselected ovarian cancer patients using targeted capture and/or Sanger sequencing. A total of 19 different pathogenic variants (PVs) were identified in 50 (12.

Role of nuclear factor-κB regulators TNFAIP3 and CARD11 in Middle Eastern diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Aberrant nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) regulation has been observed in many hematopoietic malignancies including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Considering the potential therapeutic utility of targeting NF-κB and its key modulators, we studied genetic alterations (mutations and amplifications) in TNFAIP3 and CARD11 genes in DLBCL samples. The incidence of CARD11 and TNFAIP3 mutations was 10.

Prognostic significance of alterations in KRAS isoforms KRAS-4A/4B and KRAS mutations in colorectal carcinoma.

Somatic KRAS mutation is an early well-known event in colorectal carcinogenesis but a complete understanding of RAS function and dysfunction in colorectal cancer is still to come. Our aim was to study the incidence of KRAS mutation; KRAS splice variants: KRAS4A and KRAS4B; and their relationships with various clinico-pathological characteristics in colorectal cancer (CRC).In this study, 285 CRC cases were analysed for KRAS mutation by direct DNA sequencing followed by immunohistochemical analysis after validation with real-time PCR assay, to study the protein expression of KRAS4A and -4B isoforms.

PIK3CA alterations in Middle Eastern ovarian cancers.

Background: PI3K/AKTsignaling pathway plays an important role in cell growth, proliferation, and tumorgenesis of various malignancies. This signaling pathway has been shown to be frequently altered in several human cancers including ovarian cancers. However the role of this oncogenic signaling pathway has not been explored in the Middle Eastern epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).