Histochemical mapping of the duration of action of photobiomodulation on cytochrome c oxidase in the rat brain.

Introduction: This is the first study mapping the duration of action of photobiomodulation (PBM) on cytochrome-c-oxidase (CCO). In cellular bioenergetics, CCO is the terminal rate-limiting enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which catalyzes oxygen utilization for aerobic energy production. PBM using transcranial infrared laser stimulation (TILS) is a promising intervention for non-invasively modulating CCO in the brain.

Photobiomodulation of Cytochrome c Oxidase by Chronic Transcranial Laser in Young and Aged Brains.

In cellular bioenergetics, cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) is the enzyme responsible for oxygen consumption in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which drives oxidative phosphorylation for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. CCO is also the major intracellular acceptor of photons in the light wavelengths used for photobiomodulation (PBM). Brain function is critically dependent on oxygen consumption by CCO for ATP production.

Transcranial laser stimulation: Mitochondrial and cerebrovascular effects in younger and older healthy adults.

Background: Transcranial laser stimulation is a novel method of noninvasive brain stimulation found safe and effective for improving prefrontal cortex neurocognitive functions in healthy young adults. This method is different from electric and magnetic stimulation because it causes the photonic oxidation of cytochrome-c-oxidase, the rate-limiting enzyme for oxygen consumption and the major intracellular acceptor of photons from near-infrared light. This photobiomodulation effect promotes mitochondrial respiration, cerebrovascular oxygenation and neurocognitive function.

Influence of and feeding strategies on feedlot performance, compositional growth, and carcass parameters of early weaned, beef calves.

Simmental-Angus calves [ = 135; 72 steers and 63 heifers; body weight (BW) = 212.4 kg ± 36.1] were early weaned (~5 mo) to evaluate multiple feeding regimens (conventional vs.

Assessing Engineering Resilience for Systems with Multiple Performance Measures.

Recently, efforts to model and assess a system's resilience to disruptions due to environmental and adversarial threats have increased substantially. Researchers have investigated resilience in many disciplines, including sociology, psychology, computer networks, and engineering systems, to name a few. When assessing engineering system resilience, the resilience assessment typically considers a single performance measure, a disruption, a loss of performance, the time required to recover, or a combination of these elements.

Quantitative analysis of syndecan-1 expression in dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.

Introduction: Decreased expression of syndecan-1 has been reported in dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) of the oral cavity and appears to correlate with decreasing histological differentiation and poor clinical outcome. Assays of syndecan-1 expression to date have utilized manual microscopic analysis with qualitative grading of immunohistochemical staining intensity, which may introduce observer bias. We evaluated syndecan-1 expression in dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) of the oral cavity, using a novel automated cellular imaging system that incorporates both staining intensity as well as the percentage of positively stained cells to yield a quantitative value for syndecan-1 expression.

Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma of the parotid gland.

Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) of the parotid gland is rare. We describe a new case in which the patient underwent parotidectomy only to experience an extensive recurrence 2 years later. The recurrence was treated with radical surgical excision and radiation therapy, and the patient remained disease-free at 5 years of follow-up.

Molecular and cellular staging for the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis.

Objectives: To correlate objective and subjective clinical parameters with molecular, cellular, and histologic markers and to acknowledge the importance of these basic science parameters in a severity classification system for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Study Design: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for CRS in an academic institution.

Methods: The preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans of all patients with CRS scheduled for surgery were graded according to Lund and Mackay.

Collision metastasis of prostatic and colonic adenocarcinoma: report of 2 cases.

Collision metastases of carcinomas in lymph nodes are rare. Carcinoma metastasizing to lymph nodes containing malignant lymphoma has also been reported. The literature contains 3 cases of collision metastasis of prostatic and urothelial carcinoma.