Effect of exercise on serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentration in racehorses.

Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (sNGAL) is a marker of renal injury, and its concentrations are affected by inflammation. Therefore, it could serve as a useful biomarker of disease or fitness in high-level competition. However, it has not yet been determined if sNGAL concentrations are affected by exercise.

T regulatory cells contribute to the attenuated primary CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses to herpes simplex virus type 2 in neonatal mice.

The first weeks of life are characterized by immune tolerance and increased susceptibility to intracellular pathogens. The neonatal adaptive response to HSV is attenuated compared with adult control models in humans and mice. T Regulatory cells (Tregs) control autoimmunity and excessive immune responses to infection.