CAR-T cell therapies for T cell malignancies: does cellular immunotherapy represent the best chance of cure?

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy has proven successful for B cell lymphomas and leukaemias. This success has inspired the development of CAR-T for T cell malignancies. T cell lymphomas and T-ALL are highly heterogenous diseases but are united by poor prognosis in the relapsed/refractory (r/r) setting and the lack of any novel, targeted therapies.

Electroconvulsive therapy and cognitive performance from the Global ECT MRI Research Collaboration.

The Global ECT MRI Research Collaboration (GEMRIC) has collected clinical and neuroimaging data of patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) from around the world. Results to date have focused on neuroimaging correlates of antidepressant response. GEMRIC sites have also collected longitudinal cognitive data.

Modulation of habenular and nucleus accumbens functional connectivity by ketamine in major depression.

Introduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with dysfunctional reward processing, which involves functional circuitry of the habenula (Hb) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Since ketamine elicits rapid antidepressant and antianhedonic effects in MDD, this study sought to investigate how serial ketamine infusion (SKI) treatment modulates static and dynamic functional connectivity (FC) in Hb and NAc functional networks.

Methods: MDD participants (n = 58, mean age = 40.

[Pediatric orbital Rosai-Dorfman disease: An unusual case].

Introduction: Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. This rare condition is a benign disease of unknown etiology. Bilateral orbital localization of RDD is rare.

Novel lactoferrin-conjugated gallium complex to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound infection.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading causes of opportunistic infections such as chronic wound infection that could lead to multiple organ failure and death. Gallium (Ga) ions are known to inhibit P. aeruginosa growth and biofilm formation but require carrier for localized controlled delivery.

Ketamine treatment modulates habenular and nucleus accumbens static and dynamic functional connectivity in major depression.

Dysfunctional reward processing in major depressive disorder (MDD) involves functional circuitry of the habenula (Hb) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Ketamine elicits rapid antidepressant and alleviates anhedonia in MDD. To clarify how ketamine perturbs reward circuitry in MDD, we examined how serial ketamine infusions (SKI) modulate static and dynamic functional connectivity (FC) in Hb and NAc networks.

Individual Prediction of Optimal Treatment Allocation Between Electroconvulsive Therapy or Ketamine using the Personalized Advantage Index.

Introduction: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and ketamine are two effective treatments for depression with similar efficacy; however, individual patient outcomes may be improved by models that predict optimal treatment assignment. Here, we adapt the Personalized Advantage Index (PAI) algorithm using machine learning to predict optimal treatment assignment between ECT and ketamine using medical record data from a large, naturalistic patient cohort. We hypothesized that patients who received a treatment predicted to be optimal would have significantly better outcomes following treatment compared to those who received a non-optimal treatment.

Microstructural Organization of Distributed White Matter Associated With Fine Motor Control in US Service Members With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common form of brain injury. While most individuals recover from mTBI, roughly 20% experience persistent symptoms, potentially including reduced fine motor control. We investigate relationships between regional white matter organization and subcortical volumes associated with performance on the Grooved Pegboard (GPB) test in a large cohort of military Service Members and Veterans (SM&Vs) with and without a history of mTBI(s).

Predicting Dimensional Antidepressant Response to Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation using Pretreatment Resting-state Functional Connectivity.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for depression and has been shown to modulate resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of depression-relevant neural circuits. To date, however, few studies have investigated whether individual treatment-related symptom changes are predictable from pretreatment RSFC. We use machine learning to predict dimensional changes in depressive symptoms using pretreatment patterns of RSFC.

An Improved Average Atomic Number Calculation for Estimating Backscatter and Continuum Production in Compounds.

It is often assumed that electron backscatter and continuum (bremsstrahlung) productions emitted from electron-solid interactions during X-ray microanalysis in compounds can be extrapolated from pure element observations by means of the assumption of average atomic number, or Z-bar (Z¯). For pure elements the average Z is equal to the atomic number, but this direct approach fails for compounds. The use of simple atomic fractions yields completely spurious results, and while the commonly used mass fraction Z averaging produces fairly reasonable results, we know from physical considerations that the mass of the neutron plays only a negligible role in such interactions below ∼1 MeV.

Development and validation of a multimodal neuroimaging biomarker for electroconvulsive therapy outcome in depression: a multicenter machine learning analysis.

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective intervention for patients with treatment resistant depression. A clinical decision support tool could guide patient selection to improve the overall response rate and avoid ineffective treatments with adverse effects. Initial small-scale, monocenter studies indicate that both structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) biomarkers may predict ECT outcome, but it is not known whether those results can generalize to data from other centers.

A Clinico-Pathological Multidisciplinary Team Increases the Efficacy of Skin Biopsy and Reduces Clinical Risk in Dermatology.

A clinical risk is an inherent risk in healthcare processes, including skin biopsy procedures, and may lead to misdiagnoses, increased healthcare costs and potential harm to patients. Indeed, clinical and histopathological data must be integrated if we are to reduce clinical risks and improve diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of dermatologic diseases. Although dermopathology services used to be part of a dermatologist's duty, the recent centralization of these laboratories has caused a loss of expertise and increased both complexity and safety issues.

What the geological past can tell us about the future of the ocean's twilight zone.

Paleontological reconstructions of plankton community structure during warm periods of the Cenozoic (last 66 million years) reveal that deep-dwelling 'twilight zone' (200-1000 m) plankton were less abundant and diverse, and lived much closer to the surface, than in colder, more recent climates. We suggest that this is a consequence of temperature's role in controlling the rate that sinking organic matter is broken down and metabolized by bacteria, a process that occurs faster at warmer temperatures. In a warmer ocean, a smaller fraction of organic matter reaches the ocean interior, affecting food supply and dissolved oxygen availability at depth.

Inadequate Hospital Practices to Prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A European Survey.

Objectives: Prevention of vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is crucial to eliminate viral hepatitis as a major public health threat by 2030. We aimed to assess the current hospital policies and practices implemented before, at, and after birth, and to evaluate potential barriers to the full application of international guidelines.

Methods: A web-based survey was supported by PENTA Foundation and distributed across Europe from October to December 2021.

Comparing resting-state connectivity of working memory networks in U.S. Service members with mild traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are prevalent among military populations, and both have been associated with working memory (WM) impairments. Previous resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) research conducted separately in PTSD and mTBI populations suggests that there may be similar and distinct abnormalities in WM-related networks. However, no studies have compared rsFC of WM brain regions in participants with mTBI versus PTSD.

Measuring corporate Paris Compliance using a strict science-based approach.

The achievement of the Paris Agreement climate goals of well-below 2 degrees of warming requires companies to align their greenhouse gas emission reductions with this goal. To measure whether companies are compliant with the Paris targets we propose several strict conditions that any emissions allocation methodology must meet before it can be classified as Paris-Compliant. Our conditions focus on the need for a common, and early as practicable, base year for all companies and consistency with an underlying Paris-aligned decarbonisation pathway.

Examining risky firearm behaviors among high-risk gun carriers in New York City.

Precarious firearm conduct among inexperienced gun possessors has the potential to intensify firearm-related fatalities and injuries. The current study involves face-to-face interviews with 51 high-risk (and prohibited) residents of Brooklyn and the Bronx, NY, each of whom have either been shot or shot at. We analyze study participants' lived experiences regarding urban gun violence (including as victims and perpetrators), firearm handling, sharing, and improper storage.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Chest Digital Tomosynthesis in Patients Recovering after COVID-19 Pneumonia.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of traditional chest X-ray (CXR) and digital tomosynthesis (DTS) compared to computed tomography (CT) in detecting pulmonary interstitial changes in patients having recovered from severe COVID-19.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective observational study, and received local ethics committee approval. Patients suspected of having COVID-19 pneumonia upon emergency department admission between 1 March and 31 August 2020, and who underwent CXR followed by DTS and CT, were considered.

Anterior default mode network and posterior insular connectivity is predictive of depressive symptom reduction following serial ketamine infusion.

Background: Ketamine is a rapidly-acting antidepressant treatment with robust response rates. Previous studies have reported that serial ketamine therapy modulates resting state functional connectivity in several large-scale networks, though it remains unknown whether variations in brain structure, function, and connectivity impact subsequent treatment success. We used a data-driven approach to determine whether pretreatment multimodal neuroimaging measures predict changes along symptom dimensions of depression following serial ketamine infusion.

Development of a dual antigen lateral flow immunoassay for detecting Yersinia pestis.

Background: Yersinia pestis is the causative agent of plague, a zoonosis associated with small mammals. Plague is a severe disease, especially in the pneumonic and septicemic forms, where fatality rates approach 100% if left untreated. The bacterium is primarily transmitted via flea bite or through direct contact with an infected host.