Complete Breakup of Liquids into Ultrafine Droplets by Grid Turbulence.

Ultrafine droplets are crucial in materials processing and nanotechnology, with applications in nanoparticle preparation, water evaporation, nanodrug delivery, nanocoating, among numerous others. While the potential of turbulent gas flow to enhance liquid breakup is acknowledged, constructing turbulence-driven atomizers for ultrafine droplets remains challenging. Herein, we report the innovation of grid-turbulence atomization (GTA), which employs a rotating mesh to deliver liquid and an air knife to spray ultrafine droplets.

Fluorogenic Tetrazine Bioorthogonal Probes for Advanced Application in Bioimaging and Biomedicine.

A variety of bioorthogonal chemical tools have been developed and widely used in the study of biological phenomena in situ. Tetrazine bioorthogonal chemistry exhibits ultrafast reaction kinetics, excellent biocompatibility, and precise optical regulatory capabilities. Fluorogenic tetrazine bioorthogonal probes have achieved particularly diverse applications in bioimaging and disease diagnosis and treatment.

CircUCK2(2,3) promotes cancer progression and enhances synergistic cytotoxicity of lenvatinib with EGFR inhibitors via activating CNIH4-TGFα-EGFR signaling.

Background: Circular (circ)RNAs have emerged as crucial contributors to cancer progression. Nonetheless, the expression regulation, biological functions, and underlying mechanisms of circRNAs in mediating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression remain insufficiently elucidated.

Methods: We identified circUCK2(2,3) through circRNA sequencing, RT-PCR, and Sanger sequencing.

Fire-driven disruptions of global soil biochemical relationships.

Fires alter the stability of organic matter and promote soil erosion which threatens the fundamental coupling of soil biogeochemical cycles. Yet, how soil biogeochemistry and its environmental drivers respond to fire remain virtually unknown globally. Here, we integrate experimental observations and random forest model, and reveal significant divergence in the responses of soil biogeochemical attributes to fire, including soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents worldwide.

Degeneracy-breaking and long-lived multimode microwave electromechanical systems enabled by cubic silicon-carbide membrane crystals.

Cubic silicon-carbide crystals (3C-SiC), known for their high thermal conductivity and in-plane stress, hold significant promise for the development of high-quality (Q) mechanical oscillators. We reveal degeneracy-breaking phenomena in 3C-phase crystalline silicon-carbide membrane and present high-Q mechanical modes in pairs or clusters. The 3C-SiC material demonstrates excellent microwave compatibility with superconducting circuits.

The link between ferroptosis and autophagy in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: new directions for therapy.

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced cell death, such as autophagy and ferroptosis, is a major contributor to cardiac injury. Regulating cell death may be key to mitigating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI). Autophagy is a crucial physiological process involving cellular self-digestion and compensation, responsible for degrading excess or malfunctioning long-lived proteins and organelles.

Symptom Clusters in Patients with Brain Tumors: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: To identify composition, predictors, outcomes and stability of symptom clusters in brain tumor patients and to examine assessment tools and statistical methods.

Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched. Two reviewers independently screened the titles, abstracts and full texts.

Effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib calcineurin inhibitor in interstitial lung disease secondary to anti-MDA5-positive dermatomyositis: a multi-centre cohort study.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib (TOF) calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) as initial immunosuppressive regimen for anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5-positive dermatomyositis with interstitial lung disease (MDA5+DM-ILD).

Methods: Adult Chinese patients with newly-diagnosed MDA5+DM-ILD (ILD course<3 months) from five tertiary referral centres between April 2014 and January 2023 were included for this retrospective cohort study. The primary effectiveness endpoint was lung transplantation-free survival within 1 year.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors mediate myocarditis by promoting macrophage polarization via cGAS/STING pathway.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors has opened up new avenues for cancer treatment, but serious cardiac injury has emerged in their use. A large number of data have shown that abnormal activation of cytosolic DNA-sensing cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-interferon gene activator pathway is closely related to cardiovascular inflammation and autoimmune diseases. However, the pathophysiological function of the cGAS-STING cascade in myocarditis induced by Immune checkpoint inhibitors is unclear.

Characterization of Factors Associated With Death in Deceased Patients With Mitochondrial Disorders: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background And Objectives: Mitochondrial disorders are multiorgan disorders resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. We aimed to characterize death-associated factors in an international cohort of deceased individuals with mitochondrial disorders.

Methods: This cross-sectional multicenter observational study used data provided by 26 mitochondrial disease centers from 8 countries from January 2022 to March 2023.

Causal Association of Sleep Traits with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Prospective Cohort and Mendelian Randomization Study.

The study aimed to explore the association between different sleep traits and all-cause mortality as well as to validate causality in the association through mendelian randomization (MR). We analyzed 451,420 European ancestry participants from the UK Biobank. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model was conducted to evaluate the association between sleep traits and all-cause mortality.

Exploring the plant lipidome: techniques, challenges, and prospects.

Plant lipids are a diverse group of biomolecules that play essential roles in plant architecture, physiology, and signaling. To advance our understanding of plant biology and facilitate innovations in plant-based product development, we must have precise methods for the comprehensive analysis of plant lipids. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of current research investigating plant lipids, including their structures, metabolism, and functions.

Linking the function of -acting RNA elements to coronavirus replication using interactomes.

RNA structures that are functionally important are defined as -acting RNA elements because their functions cannot be compensated for in trans. The -acting RNA elements in the 3' UTR of coronaviruses are important for replication; however, the mechanism linking the -acting RNA elements to their replication function remains to be established. In the present study, a comparison of the biological processes of the interactome and the replication efficiency between the 3' UTR -acting RNA elements in coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, suggests that (i) the biological processes, including translation, protein folding and protein stabilization, derived from the analysis of the -acting RNA element interactome and (ii) the architecture of the -acting RNA elements and their interactomes are highly correlated with coronavirus replication.

Global, regional, and national burden inequality of chronic kidney disease, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant global health issue, often linked to diabetes, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis. However, aggregated statistics can obscure heterogeneity across subtypes, age, gender, and regions. This study aimed to analyze global CKD trends from 1990 to 2021, focusing on age, gender, socio-demographic index (SDI), and regional variations.

Apelin/APJ system: a novel promising target for anti-oxidative stress in stroke.

The apelin/APJ system has garnered increasing attention in recent years. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the physiological and pathological mechanisms of the apelin/APJ system in stroke. The apelin/APJ system is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS).

Discovery of Novel Na1.7-Selective Inhibitors with the 1-Indole-3-Propionamide Scaffold for Effective Pain Relief.

Na1.7 is considered a promising target for developing next-generation analgesic drugs, given its critical role in human pain pathologies. Although most reported inhibitors with strong in vitro activity and high selectivity share the aryl sulfonamide scaffold, they failed to demonstrate marked clinical efficacy.

Cellular and humoral immune responses in cats vaccinated with feline herpesvirus 1 modified live virus vaccine.

Feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) is an important pathogen causing infectious rhinotracheitis in felids, mainly infecting the upper respiratory tract and conjunctiva. Multiple vaccines are available to prevent FHV-1 infection, and the antibody levels are always used to evaluate their effectiveness. However, the cellular immunity response following immunization in cats remains unclear.

The value of MRI in differentiating ovarian clear cell carcinoma from other adnexal masses with O-RADS MRI scores of 4-5.

Objective: To assess the utility of clinical and MRI features in distinguishing ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) from adnexal masses with ovarian-adnexal reporting and data system (O-RADS) MRI scores of 4-5.

Methods: This retrospective study included 850 patients with indeterminate adnexal masses on ultrasound. Two radiologists evaluated all preoperative MRIs using the O-RADS MRI risk stratification system.

Determining the status of tertiary lymphoid structures in invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma based on chest CT radiomic features.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the status of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) using radiomic features in patients with invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma (IA).

Methods: In this retrospective study, patients with IA from November 2015 to March 2024 were recruited from two independent centers (center 1, training and internal test data set; center 2, external test data set). TLS was divided into two groups according to hematoxylin-eosin staining.

Contrasting drought sensitivity of Eurasian and North American grasslands.

Extreme droughts generally decrease productivity in grassland ecosystems with negative consequences for nature's contribution to people. The extent to which this negative effect varies among grassland types and over time in response to multi-year extreme drought remains unclear. Here, using a coordinated distributed experiment that simulated four years of growing-season drought (around 66% rainfall reduction), we compared drought sensitivity within and among six representative grasslands spanning broad precipitation gradients in each of Eurasia and North America-two of the Northern Hemisphere's largest grass-dominated regions.

A deep-learning system integrating electrocardiograms and laboratory indicators for diagnosing acute aortic dissection and acute myocardial infarction.

Background: Acute Stanford Type A aortic dissection (AAD-type A) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) present with similar symptoms but require distinct treatments. Efficient differentiation is critical due to limited access to radiological equipment in many primary healthcare. This study develops a multimodal deep learning model integrating electrocardiogram (ECG) signals and laboratory indicators to enhance diagnostic accuracy for AAD-type A and AMI.

What is the Learning Curve for Endoscopic Spine Surgery? A Comprehensive Systematic Review.

Background Context: Endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) is rapidly emerging as a viable minimally invasive technique to successfully treat symptomatic degenerative spinal conditions. Widespread adoption has been limited in part due to the learning curve.

Purpose: To systematically review the learning curve for uniportal and biportal ESS and compare the two techniques.

Chicken surfactant protein A1 activates macrophages phagocytosis and attenuates LPS-induced inflammatory response through the TLR4-mediated NF-кB pathway.

Chicken surfactant protein A1 (cSP-A1) is a soluble C-type lectin found primarily in chicken lungs. Its function and other potential bioactivities are unclear. This study aimed to express, purify, and identify recombinant cSP-A1 (RcSP-A1), investigate its effects on chicken macrophage HD11 cells, and evaluate its ability to regulate the LPS-induced inflammatory response.

A dual action electrochemical molecular imprinting sensor based on FeCu-MOF and RGO/PDA@MXene hybrid synergies for trace detection of ribavirin.

In this study, we designed a molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on the reduced graphene oxide/polydopamine@Mxene (RPM) and FeCu-MOF for the detection of antiviral drug ribavirin (RBV). The RPM composite enhances the active surface area and electron transport capacity of the sensor, and the incorporation of FeCu-MOF can not only further improve the catalytic performance of the material, but also enables the sensor to harness the electrical reduction signal of HO. Furthermore, we developed an optimized molecularly imprinted polymer via density functional theory (DFT) to enhance the sensor's specificity and sensitivity for RBV detection.