Outcomes of patients with acute liver failure not listed for liver transplantation: A cohort analysis.

Background: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare condition leading to morbidity and mortality. Liver transplantation (LT) is often required, but patients are not always listed for LT. There is a lack of data regarding outcomes in these patients.

Internal quality prediction technology for 'Sulhyang' strawberry fruit using organic analysis and hyperspectral imaging.

In recent years, hyperspectral imaging combined with machine learning techniques has garnered significant attention for its potential in assessing fruit maturity. This study proposes a method for predicting strawberry fruit maturity based on the harvest time. The main features of this study are as follows.

Hydrolysis of oligosaccharides in the gastrointestinal tract alters their prebiotic effects on probiotic strains.

Unlabelled: Oligosaccharides have been widely used as prebiotics in the food industry, however their properties have been examined in vitro, without considering hydrolysis in the human digestive tract, especially in the small intestine. Here, we hypothesized that the prebiotic effects and utilization efficiency of ingested oligosaccharides would be altered in the colon, as their structures are partially hydrolyzed during digestion. Different types of oligosaccharides were partially degraded during simulated digestion, and digestible monosaccharides were released from the initial substrates.

Ammonia and urea metabolism in acute liver failure: A multicentre cohort study.

Background & Aims: Ammonia is metabolized into urea in the liver. In acute liver failure (ALF), ammonia has been associated with survival. However, urea variation has been poorly studied.

Dual protection by Bcp1 and Rkm1 ensures incorporation of uL14 into pre-60S ribosomal subunits.

Eukaryotic ribosomal proteins contain extended regions essential for translation coordination. Dedicated chaperones stabilize the associated ribosomal proteins. We identified Bcp1 as the chaperone of uL14 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Association of Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) Use With Severity and Outcomes in Patients With Viral Hepatitis-Associated Acute Liver Failure.

Introduction: Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) comprises 11% of acute liver failure (ALF) in North America while acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity represents 46%. The use of APAP to treat prodromal hepatitis symptoms is common. It is unknown if concurrent APAP use impacts liver injury in AVH-induced ALF.

Clinical characteristics and HLA associations of azithromycin-induced liver injury.

Background: Azithromycin (AZ) is a widely used antibiotic. The aim of this study was to characterise the clinical features, outcomes, and HLA association in patients with drug-induced liver injury (DILI) due to AZ.

Methods: The clinical characteristics of individuals with definite, highly likely, or probable AZ-DILI enrolled in the US Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN) were reviewed.

Multimodal decoding of human liver regeneration.

The liver has a unique ability to regenerate; however, in the setting of acute liver failure (ALF), this regenerative capacity is often overwhelmed, leaving emergency liver transplantation as the only curative option. Here, to advance understanding of human liver regeneration, we use paired single-nucleus RNA sequencing combined with spatial profiling of healthy and ALF explant human livers to generate a single-cell, pan-lineage atlas of human liver regeneration. We uncover a novel ANXA2 migratory hepatocyte subpopulation, which emerges during human liver regeneration, and a corollary subpopulation in a mouse model of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver regeneration.

Macrophage activation markers are associated with infection and mortality in patients with acute liver failure.

Background And Aims: Acute liver failure is a multisystem disorder with a high mortality and frequent need for emergency liver transplantation. Following massive innate immune system activation, soluble markers of macrophage activation are released during liver damage and their association with disease severity and prognosis requires exploration.

Methods: Patients ALF from the United States Acute Liver Failure Study Group (USALFSG, n = 224) and King's College Hospital (n = 40) together with healthy controls (HC, n = 50) were recruited.

The Correlation between Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Clinical Characteristics According to Anti-Müllerian Hormone in Women with Regular Menstrual Cycles: A Prospective Study.

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) can be diagnosed when the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels are high, but in clinic, women who do not meet the diagnosis of PCOS but have elevated AMH levels are often seen. This study aimed to compare the differences in menstrual cycle patterns and hormone levels in women with regular menstrual cycles, but not PCOS, by dividing them into high and low AMH groups.

Material And Methods: This multicenter prospective study included 68 healthy women.

Racial and ethnic disparities in alcohol-associated liver disease in the United States: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), encompassing alcohol-associated hepatitis and alcohol-associated cirrhosis, is rising in the United States. Racial and ethnic disparities are evident within ALD; however, the precise nature of these disparities is poorly defined.

Methods: We conducted a search of the PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases to identify studies published from inception through September 2023 that reported ALD incidence, prevalence, and mortality within the United States, stratified by race and ethnicity.

Usefulness of Direct Peroral Cholangioscopy Using a Multibending Ultraslim Endoscope for the Management of Intrahepatic Bile Duct Lesions (with Videos).

Background/aims: : Peroral cholangioscopy (POC) has been used to assess intrahepatic duct (IHD) lesions but with a limited role. A new multibending (MB) ultraslim endoscope has been designed to improve POC performance. We evaluated the usefulness of POC using the MB ultraslim endoscope for the management of IHD lesions.

Early Graft Failure After Living-Donor Liver Transplant.

Background: Living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has been increasing in the USA. While data exist on longer-term patient and graft outcomes, a contemporary analysis of short-term outcomes is needed.

Aim: Evaluate short-term (30-day) graft failure rates and identify predictors associated with these outcomes.

Paravertebral Nerve Block for Procedural Pain in Percutaneous Vertebroplasty.

Objectives: This study aimed to unidimensionally measure procedural pain at each percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) stage and evaluate the effectiveness of paravertebral nerve block (PVNB) in reducing procedural pain.

Methods: A retrospective study of prospectively collected data was conducted on 66 patients who underwent PVP for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group A (fluoroscopic-guided PVNB; 5 cm 3 of 0.

Cultural Diversity Impacts Caregiving Experiences: A Comprehensive Exploration of Differences in Caregiver Burdens, Needs, and Outcomes.

Background Many Americans are informal caregivers providing unpaid care for their loved ones living with chronic conditions, such as dementia and heart failure. As the US population continues to age and live longer with more complex chronic conditions, informal caregivers play an increasingly important role in the care of older adults with functional impairment and multiple comorbidities. Caregivers face many challenges in managing the health of themselves and their loved ones, including physical, emotional, and financial burdens, which may potentially vary by race and ethnicity.

The chemokine CXCL14 is a novel early prognostic biomarker for poor outcome in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure.

Background And Aims: Patients with acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure are more likely to die while on the liver transplant waiting list than those with other causes of acute liver failure. Therefore, there is an urgent need for prognostic biomarkers that can predict the need for liver transplantation early after an acetaminophen overdose.

Approach And Results: We evaluated the prognostic potential of plasma chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 14 (CXCL14) concentrations in patients with acetaminophen (APAP) overdose (n=50) and found that CXCL14 is significantly higher in nonsurviving patients compared to survivors with acute liver failure ( p < 0.

Minimally invasive longitudinal intravital imaging of cellular dynamics in intact long bone.

Intravital two-photon microscopy enables deep-tissue imaging at high temporospatial resolution in live animals. However, the endosteal bone compartment and underlying bone marrow pose unique challenges to optical imaging as light is absorbed, scattered and dispersed by thick mineralized bone matrix and the adipose-rich bone marrow. Early bone intravital imaging methods exploited gaps in the cranial sutures to bypass the need to penetrate through cortical bone.

Indeterminate etiology of acute liver failure in North America: Less common, still grave prognosis.

Background: The etiology of acute liver failure (ALF) remains one of the most important factors in determining prognosis and predicting outcomes. In a significant proportion of ALF cases, however, the etiology remains unknown and is categorized as indeterminate ALF (IND-ALF). In this study, we summarize findings from patients with IND-ALF from 32 transplant centers across the United States, and we compare laboratory, prognostic, and outcome data for patients with IND-ALF.

Understanding Caregiver Challenges: A Comprehensive Exploration of Available Resources to Alleviate Caregiving Burdens.

Introduction: Aging is associated with significant alterations in physical, cognitive, and emotional functions, predisposing older adults to multimorbidity and functional dependence that necessitate assistance with the activity of daily living (ADL) and medical care from caregivers. With a substantial increase in the aging population comes a growing demand for caregivers, particularly informal caregivers who provide unpaid care to older adults with complex needs. However, they face substantial physical, emotional, and financial burdens as they balance caregiving with their family and job demands.

Diagnostic Clues for Women with Acute Surgical Abdomen Associated with Ruptured Endometrioma.

(1) Background: An investigation of the preoperative diagnostic clues used to identify ruptured endometrioma by comparing the ruptured and unruptured states in patients who underwent laparoscopic operations due to endometrioma. (2) Methods: Patients with ruptured endometriomas (14 patients) and unruptured endometriomas (60 patients) were included, and clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and radiological findings were analyzed. (3) Results: There were no significant differences in age, parity, last menstrual cycle days, or median size of endometrioma between two groups (group A: ruptured; group B: unruptured).

Mortality and Morbidity Among Adult Liver Retransplant Recipients.

Background: Liver transplantation (LT) is life-saving procedure for patients with end-stage liver failure with up to 20% of patients suffering graft failure following primary transplantation. Retransplantation (ReLT) remains the only definitive treatment for irreversible graft failure.

Aims: We aimed to explore the postoperative outcomes following liver ReLT.