A Genome-Based Model to Predict the Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates.

Variation in the genome of , an important pathogen, can have dramatic impacts on the bacterium's ability to cause disease. We therefore asked whether it was possible to predict the virulence of isolates based on their genomic content. We applied a machine learning approach to a genetically and phenotypically diverse collection of 115 clinical isolates using genomic information and corresponding virulence phenotypes in a mouse model of bacteremia.

Increased risk of cardiac ischaemia in a pan-European cohort of 36 205 childhood cancer survivors: a PanCareSurFup study.

Objective: In this report, we determine the cumulative incidence of symptomatic cardiac ischaemia and its risk factors among European 5-year childhood cancer survivors (CCS) participating in the PanCareSurFup study.

Methods: Eight data providers (France, Hungary, Italy (two cohorts), the Netherlands, Slovenia, Switzerland and the UK) participating in PanCareSurFup ascertained and validated symptomatic cardiac events among their 36 205 eligible CCS. Data on symptomatic cardiac ischaemia were graded according to the Criteria for Adverse Events V.

Infliximab in young paediatric IBD patients: it is all about the dosing.

Infliximab (IFX) is administered intravenously using weight-based dosing (5 mg/kg) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Our hypothesis is that especially young children need a more intensive treatment regimen than the current weight-based dose administration. We aimed to assess IFX pharmacokinetics (PK), based on existing therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) data in IBD patients < 10 years.

Publisher Correction: The tuatara genome reveals ancient features of amniote evolution.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Erratum: Evolution of π^{0} Suppression in Au+Au Collisions from sqrt[s_{NN}]=39 to 200 GeV [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 152301 (2012)].

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.

Salcaprozate sodium (SNAC) enhances permeability of octreotide across isolated rat and human intestinal epithelial mucosae in Ussing chambers.

Octreotide is approved as a one-month injectable for treatment of acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumours. Oral delivery of the octapeptide is a challenge due mainly to low intestinal epithelial permeability. The intestinal permeation enhancer (PE) salcaprozate sodium (SNAC) has Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS) status and is a component of an approved oral peptide formulation.

The Role of Exenterative Surgery in Advanced Urological Neoplasms.

Pelvic exenterative surgery is both complex and challenging, especially in the setting of locally recurrent disease. In recent decades, improved surgical techniques have facilitated more extensive resection of both locally advanced and recurrent pelvic malignancies, but its role in urological cancer surgery is highly selective. However, it remains an important part of the armamentarium for the management of bladder and prostate cancer cases where there is local invasion into adjacent organs or localized recurrence.

The tuatara genome reveals ancient features of amniote evolution.

The tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus)-the only living member of the reptilian order Rhynchocephalia (Sphenodontia), once widespread across Gondwana-is an iconic species that is endemic to New Zealand. A key link to the now-extinct stem reptiles (from which dinosaurs, modern reptiles, birds and mammals evolved), the tuatara provides key insights into the ancestral amniotes. Here we analyse the genome of the tuatara, which-at approximately 5 Gb-is among the largest of the vertebrate genomes yet assembled.

An introduction to cryo-FIB-SEM cross-sectioning of frozen, hydrated Life Science samples.

The introduction of cryo-techniques to the focused ion-beam scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) has brought new opportunities to study frozen, hydrated samples from the field of Life Sciences. Cryo-techniques have long been employed in electron microscopy. Thin electron transparent sections are produced by cryo-ultramicrotomy for observation in a cryo-transmission electron microscope (TEM).

Design of Tunable Protein Interfaces Controlled by Post-Translational Modifications.

The design of protein interaction interfaces is a cornerstone of synthetic biology, where they can be used to promote the association of protein subunits into active molecular complexes or into protein nanostructures. In nature, protein interactions can be modulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs) that modify the protein interfaces with the addition and removal of various chemical groups. PTMs thus represent a means to gain control over protein interactions, yet they have seldom been considered in the design of synthetic proteins.

Cryo-FIB preparation of whole cells and tissue for cryo-TEM: use of high-pressure frozen specimens in tubes and planchets.

The desire to study macromolecular complexes within their cellular context requires the ability to produce thin samples suitable for cryo-TEM (cryo-transmission electron microscope) investigations. In this paper, we discuss two similar approaches, which were developed independently in Utrecht (the Netherlands) and Albany (USA). The methods are particularly suitable for both tissue samples and cell suspensions prepared by a high-pressure freezer (HPF).

Risk of cerebrovascular disease among 13 457 five-year survivors of childhood cancer: A population-based cohort study.

Survivors of childhood cancer treated with cranial irradiation are at risk of cerebrovascular disease (CVD), but the risks beyond age 50 are unknown. In all, 13457 survivors of childhood cancer included in the population-based British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort were linked to Hospital Episode Statistics data for England. Risk of CVD related hospitalisation was quantified by standardised hospitalisation ratios (SHRs), absolute excess risks and cumulative incidence.

Evidence-based Reviews in Surgery Long-term Outcome of Surgery Versus Conservative Management for Recurrent and Ongoing Complaints After an Episode of Diverticulitis: Five-year Follow-up Results of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial (DIRECT-Trial).

Question: Does surgery or conservative management of recurring diverticulitis/ongoing symptoms results in a higher quality of life (QoL) at 5-year follow-up.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Multicenter trial in the Netherlands.

Ageusia and anosmia, a common sign of COVID-19? A case series from four countries.

Over the course of the pandemic due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), multiple new clinical manifestations, as the consequence of the tropism of the virus, have been recognized. That includes now the neurological manifestations and conditions, such as headache, encephalitis, as well as olfactory and taste disorders. We present a series of ten cases of RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected patients diagnosed with viral-associated olfactory and taste loss from four different countries.

Performance of a rapid diagnostic test for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in African children admitted to hospital with diarrhea.

Background: Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that causes mild to severe diarrhoeal disease in humans. To date, several commercial companies have developed rapid immunoassays for the detection of Cryptosporidium infection. However, the challenge is to identify an accurate, simple and rapid diagnostic tool for the estimation of cryptosporidiosis burden.

Personalised mapping of tumour development in synchronous colorectal cancer patients.

Synchronous colorectal cancers (syCRCs) are two or more primary tumours identified simultaneously in a patient. Previous studies report high inter-tumour heterogeneity between syCRCs, suggesting independent origin and different treatment response, making their management particularly challenging, with no specific guidelines currently in place. Here, we performed in-depth bioinformatic analyses of genomic and transcriptomic data of a total of eleven syCRCs and one metachronous CRC collected from three patients.

European Society of Coloproctology: guidelines for the management of diverticular disease of the colon.

Aim: The goal of this European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) guideline project is to give an overview of the existing evidence on the management of diverticular disease, primarily as a guidance to surgeons.

Methods: The guideline was developed during several working phases including three voting rounds and one consensus meeting. The two project leads (JKS and EA) appointed by the ESCP guideline committee together with one member of the guideline committee (WB) agreed on the methodology, decided on six themes for working groups (WGs) and drafted a list of research questions.

Safety and immunogenicity of the α-synuclein active immunotherapeutic PD01A in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomised, single-blinded, phase 1 trial.

Background: Robust evidence supports the role of α-synuclein pathology as a driver of neuronal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. PD01A is a specific active immunotherapy with a short peptide formulation targeted against oligomeric α-synuclein. This phase 1 study assessed the safety and tolerability of the PD01A immunotherapeutic in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Piloting a New Model for Treating Music Performance Anxiety: Training a Singing Teacher to Use Acceptance and Commitment Coaching With a Student.

Thus far, treatments for music performance anxiety (MPA) have focused primarily on interventions administered by psychologists and mental health clinicians with training and education in psychotherapy. While these interventions are promising or even efficacious, many musicians prefer not to work with a psychotherapist due to stigma and lack of time/access. Student musicians are particularly vulnerable to developing MPA, and while they may prefer consulting with their teachers about MPA over psychotherapists, many teachers feel unqualified to help.

Fixation versus no fixation in laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal repair of primary inguinal hernia-a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Introduction: The necessity of mesh fixation in laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair remains controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness of mesh fixation versus no fixation in laparoscopic TEP repair for primary inguinal hernia.

Materials And Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for relevant articles from January 1992 until May 2020.

Bacteriophage genotyping using BOXA repetitive-PCR.

Background: Repetitive-PCR (rep-PCR) using BOXA1R and BOXA2R as single primers was investigated for its potential to genotype bacteriophage. Previously, this technique has been primarily used for the discrimination of bacterial strains. Reproducible DNA fingerprint patterns for various phage types were generated using either of the two primers.

Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Immunogenicity of Infliximab in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Revised Dosing Considerations.

Objectives: Infliximab (IFX), a monoclonal antibody directed against tumor necrosis factor alpha is a potent treatment option for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Dosing regimens in children are extrapolated from adult data using a fixed, weight-based dose, which is often not adequate. While clinical trials have focused on safety and efficacy, there is limited data on pharmacokinetic characteristics and immunogenicity of IFX in children.

Activation of the 15-lipoxygenase pathway in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.

Background: Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is characterized by asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and an intolerance of medications that inhibit cyclooxygenase-1. Patients with AERD have more severe upper and lower respiratory tract disease than do aspirin-tolerant patients with CRSwNP. A dysregulation in arachidonic acid metabolism is thought to contribute to the enhanced sinonasal inflammation in AERD.