Integration of multi-omics and benchmark dose modeling to support adverse outcome pathways.

Background: Recent advancements in omics and benchmark dose (BMD) modeling have facilitated identifying the dose required for a predetermined change in a response (e.g. gene or protein change) that can be used to establish acceptable dose levels for hazardous exposures.

Physical Activity and the Health of a Nation: A National Challenge and Collective Response.

Historic recruitment and retention challenges confront the U.S. military.

Clinical Outcomes of a Nurse-Delivered, Technology-Enabled HIV Outpatient Model.

We evaluated Klick, a nurse-led, digitally enabled model of HIV outpatient care, launched in 2020. Klick's smartphone app offers online booking, remote nurse-led consultations, and results. An audit of Klick nurse-led consultations was conducted against BHIVA monitoring guidelines, and nurses were interviewed about their experience.

Walking in a controlled ankle motion (CAM) boot: In-boot measurement of joint kinematics and kinetics.

Research investigating ankle function during walking in a controlled ankle motion (CAM) boot has either placed markers on the outside of the boot or made major alterations to the structure of the CAM boot to uncover key landmarks. The aim of this study was to quantify joint kinematics and kinetics using "in-boot" skin markers whilst making only minimal structural alterations. Seventeen healthy participants walked at their preferred walking speed in two conditions: (1) in standard athletic trainers (ASICS patriot 8, ASICS Oceania Pty Ltd, USA), and (2) using a hard-cased CAM boot (Rebound® Air Walker, Össur, Iceland) fitted on the right foot.

Patient evaluation of Klick, a technology-enabled, nurse-delivered HIV outpatient pathway.

Objectives: Klick is a clinic-specific, digitally supported outpatient pathway of care for people living with HIV (PLWH). It involves a smartphone application (app) for PLWH to self-manage their care, navigate access to the clinic and communicate with their healthcare provider. We present a patient evaluation of Klick.

Objectives and achievements of the HUMN project on its 26th anniversary.

Micronuclei (MN) are a nuclear abnormality that occurs when chromosome fragments or whole chromosomes are not properly segregated during mitosis and consequently are excluded from the main nuclei and wrapped within nuclear membrane to form small nuclei. This maldistribution of genetic material leads to abnormal cellular genomes which may increase risk of developmental defects, cancers, and accelerated aging. Despite the potential importance of MN as biomarkers of genotoxicity, very little was known about the optimal way to measure MN in humans, the normal ranges of values of MN in healthy humans and the prospective association of MN with developmental and degenerative diseases prior to the 1980's.

Multiparameter imaging flow cytometry-based cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay: Reduction of culture time and blood volume for improved efficiency.

In the event of a large-scale incident involving radiological or nuclear exposures, there is a potential for large numbers of individuals to have received doses of radiation sufficient to cause adverse health effects. It is imperative to quickly identify these individuals in order to provide information to the medical community to assist in making decisions about their treatment. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay is a well-established method for performing biodosimetry.

Biomechanical effectiveness of controlled ankle motion boots: A systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Introduction: Controlled ankle motion (CAM) boots are a below-knee orthotic device prescribed for the management of foot and ankle injuries to reduce ankle range of motion (RoM) and offload the foot and ankle whilst allowing continued ambulation during recovery. There is a lack of clarity within the current literature surrounding the biomechanical understanding and effectiveness of CAM boots.

Aims: To summarise the biomechanical effects of CAM boot wear as an orthotic for restricting ankle RoM and offloading the foot.

The American Association of Tissue Banks tissue donor screening for Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Recommended criteria and literature review.

After two multistate outbreaks of allograft tissue-transmitted tuberculosis (TB) due to viable bone, evidence-based donor screening criteria were developed to decrease the risk of transmission to recipients. Exclusionary criteria, commentary, and references supporting the criteria are provided, based on literature search and expert opinion. Both exposure and reactivation risk factors were considered, either for absolute exclusion or for exclusion in combination with multiple risk factors.

Incorporating pathological gait into patient-specific finite element models of the haemophilic ankle.

Haemarthrosis is an inherent clinical feature of haemophilia, a disease characterised by an absence or reduction in clotting proteins. Patients with severe haemophilia experience joint bleeding leading to blood-induced ankle arthropathy (haemarthropathy). Altered biomechanics of the ankle have been reported in people with haemophilia; however, the consequence of this on joint health is little understood.

Interlaboratory comparison of high-throughput protein biomarker assay quantifications for radiation exposure classification.

In the event of a widespread radiological incident, thousands of individuals will require rapid assessment of exposure using validated biodosimetry assays to inform clinical triage. In this scenario, multiple biodosimetry laboratories may be necessary for large-volume sample processing. To meet this need, we have developed a high-throughput assay for the rapid measurement of intracellular protein biomarkers in human peripheral blood samples using an Imaging Flow Cytometry (IFC) platform.

AOP report: Development of an adverse outcome pathway for deposition of energy leading to cataracts.

Cataracts are one of the leading causes of blindness, with an estimated 95 million people affected worldwide. A hallmark of cataract development is lens opacification, typically associated not only with aging but also radiation exposure as encountered by interventional radiologists and astronauts during the long-term space mission. To better understand radiation-induced cataracts, the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework was used to structure and evaluate knowledge across biological levels of organization (e.

Acute biomechanical responses to wearing a controlled ankle motion (CAM) Walker boot during walking.

Background: Controlled ankle motion (CAM) boots are often prescribed during the rehabilitation of lower limb injuries and pathologies to reduce foot and ankle movement and loading whilst allowing the patient to maintain normal daily function.

Research Question: The aim of this study was to quantify the compensatory biomechanical mechanisms undergone by the ipsilateral hip and knee joints during walking. In addition, the compensatory mechanisms displayed by the contralateral limb were also considered.

Accurate Computation of Thermodynamic Activation Parameters in the Chorismate Mutase Reaction from Empirical Valence Bond Simulations.

Chorismate mutase (CM) enzymes have long served as model systems for benchmarking new methods and tools in computational chemistry. Despite the enzymes' prominence in the literature, the extent of the roles that activation enthalpy and entropy play in catalyzing the conversion of chorismate to prephenate is still subject to debate. Knowledge of these parameters is a key piece in fully understanding the mechanism of chorismate mutases.

Hostilities faced by people on the frontlines of sexual and reproductive health and rights: a scoping review.

Frontline workers for sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) provide life-changing and life-saving services to millions of people every year. From accompanying the pregnant, delivering babies and caring for the newborn to supporting those subjected to sexual violence; from treating debilitating infections to expanding contraceptive choices; from enabling access to safe abortion services to countering homophobia: all over the world frontline SRHR carers and advocates make it possible for so many more to experience dignity in sex, sexuality and reproduction. Yet they are also subjected to hostility for what they do, for whom they provide care, for where they work and for the issues they address.

Ionizing Radiation Sensing with Functionalized and Copper-Coated SWCNT/PMMA Thin Film Nanocomposites.

This paper studies the ionizing radiation effects on functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thin-film nanocomposites [SWNT/PMMA]. The functionalized thin-film devices are made of ferrocene-doped SWCNTs, SWCNTs functionalized with carboxylic acid (COOH), and SWCNTs coated/ modified with copper. The nanocomposite was synthesized by the solution blending method and the resulting nanocomposite was spin-cast on interdigitated electrodes (IDEs).

The behavioral response to the putative necromones from dead Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in traps by conspecifics as a function of density and time since capture.

Long-term trapping programs of stored product pests provide information for timely and accurate pest management. Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is a highly successful external-infesting grain pest and is frequently monitored using a commercial pitfall trap that combines pheromonal and kairomonal stimuli. However, an often overlooked component of lure-based traps is the potential for the volatile plume to change over time as individuals are captured.

Adaptations to comprehensive abortion care during the COVID-19 pandemic: case studies of provision in Bolivia, Mali, Nepal, and the occupied Palestinian territory.

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted comprehensive abortion care provision. To maintain access to services while keeping individuals safe from infection, many organisations adapted their programmes. We conducted a programme evaluation to examine service adaptations implemented in Bolivia, Mali, Nepal, and the occupied Palestinian territory.

Monte Carlo modelling of experimental setup used for biodosimetry intercomparison.

When using biodosimetry techniques to assess absorbed dose from an ionising radiation exposure, a calibration curve is required. At Health Canada (HC), these curves are generated for a variety of radiation qualities and assays to translate biological damage into absorbed dose. They are produced by irradiating biological samples in custom-designed water-equivalent phantoms inside a cabinet X-ray machine.

Development of high-throughput systems for biodosimetry.

Biomarkers for ionising radiation exposure have great utility in scenarios where there has been a potential exposure and physical dosimetry is missing or in dispute, such as for occupational and accidental exposures. Biomarkers that respond as a function of dose are particularly useful as biodosemeters to determine the dose of radiation to which an individual has been exposed. These dose measurements can also be used in medical scenarios to track doses from medical exposures and even have the potential to identify an individual's response to radiation exposure that could help tailor treatments.