Development and temporal-validation of prognostic models for 5-year risk of pneumonia, respiratory failure/collapse, and fracture among adults with cerebral palsy.

Purpose: Pneumonia, respiratory failure, and fracture are common and highly burdensome for adults with cerebral palsy (CP). To date, there are no clinically friendly tools to assess individualized risk of these outcomes for adults with CP. The objective was to develop and validate prognostic models for 5-year risk of pneumonia, respiratory failure/collapse, and fracture for adults with CP.

Prevalence of and risk factors for osteoporosis and fragility fracture in adults with cerebral palsy: A systematic review.

Aim: To systematically review the prevalence and incidence of osteoporosis, osteopenia, low bone mass, and fragility fracture in adults with cerebral palsy (CP), and identify the risk factors for osteoporosis and fracture.

Method: A systematic literature search was performed in the MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, AMED, Cochrane Reviews, EMBASE, and EBM database reviews from inception until May 2024. Search terms covered a combination of keywords for CP, fracture, osteoporosis, incidence and prevalence, and risk factors.

Five-Year Fracture Rate for Transgender and Gender Diverse Patients on Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.

Introduction: Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is a cornerstone of gender-affirming care for transgender and gender diverse (TGD) patients, with a direct biological role on bone metabolism. However, a paucity of data describes how GAHT influences fracture rate over time. The study's primary objective was to describe the 5-year all-cause fracture incidence rate (IR) among TGD patients initiating estrogen-based GAHT (E-GAHT) or testosterone-based GAHT (T-GAHT), compared with TGD patients not using GAHT (non-GAHT).

The computational perspective: A catalyst for research questions in cognitive neuroscience?

Where do novel research questions come from? We suggest that identifying key computational problems and comparing solutions across domains can be one source. We exemplify this by looking at perception and action and outline how findings from one domain may generate novel research avenues in the other.

Sequential Effects in Reaching Reveal Efficient Coding in Motor Planning.

The nervous system utilizes prior information to enhance the accuracy of perception and action. Prevailing models of motor control emphasize Bayesian models, which suggest that the system adjusts the current motor plan by integrating information from previous observations. While Bayesian integration has been extensively examined, those studies usually applied a highly stable and predictable environment.

The association between fracture and short-term adverse health outcomes among children with cerebral palsy.

Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have a high risk of fracture; yet, little is known about their post-fracture health outcomes. A fracture is an unplanned event in contrast to surgeries or procedures where there is a pre-operative period to optimize body composition and health and planned post-operative follow-up care. Fractures may be associated with significant outcomes due to the unplannable nature and reactionary care.

Judging emotion in natural images of crowds.

It has been suggested that humans use summary statistics such as the average of the emotion of individual faces when they rapidly judge group emotion. Previous studies have mainly used faces of actors posing basic emotions, and morphed versions of these faces, against a plain background. In the present study, photographs taken in real-world settings were used to investigate the influence of mean facial emotion, maximal facial emotion, and background context on judgments of group emotion, assessed using dimensional ratings of valence, arousal, and dominance.

Dynamic predictive templates in perception.

Hallucinations are vivid and transient experiences of objects, such as images or sounds, that occur in the absence of a corresponding stimulus. To understand the neurocomputational mechanisms of hallucinations, cognitive neuroscience has focused on experiments that induce false alarms (FAs) in healthy participants, psychosis-prone individuals, and patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. FAs occur when participants make decisions about difficult-to-detect stimuli and indicate the presence of a signal that was, in fact, not presented.

Age, sex, and multi-morbidity stratified mortality risk estimates for adults with cerebral palsy to inform clinical decision making.

Background: While research has provided key insights into mortality rates and risks for individuals with cerebral palsy (CP), clinically useable mortality risk estimates remain unreported for adults with CP, especially by key patient-level factors.

Objective: The objective of this study was to generate clinically useable mortality risk estimates among adults with CP to inform clinical decision making.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study, using a fee-for-service Medicare database, identified adults ≥18-years-old with CP from 01/01/2008-12/31/2010 and followed through 12/31/2019 for death.

Intact Serial Dependence in Schizophrenia: Evidence from an Orientation Adjustment Task.

Background And Hypothesis: For a long time, it was proposed that schizophrenia (SCZ) patients rely more on sensory input and less on prior information, potentially leading to reduced serial dependence-ie, a reduced influence of prior stimuli in perceptual tasks. However, existing evidence is constrained to a few paradigms, and whether reduced serial dependence reflects a general characteristic of the disease remains unclear.

Study Design: We investigated serial dependence in 26 SCZ patients and 27 healthy controls (CNT) to evaluate the influence of prior stimuli in a classic visual orientation adjustment task, a paradigm not previously tested in this context.

Feasibility and reliability of measured glomerular filtration rate with [I125]-iothalamate among young adults with mild-to-moderate cerebral palsy.

Objective: Despite the need, measuring glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) is not routinely performed for adults with cerebral palsy (CP), possibly due to unknown feasibility given the secondary complications of CP. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and reliability of mGFR and explore factors associated with eGFR-mGFR discordance among young adults with mild-to-moderate CP.

Methods: This single-center, cross-sectional study included 18- to 40-year-olds with CP gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) I-III.

Why do children under 5 years go to the GP in Lambeth: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: This study identifies the most common recorded reason for attendance to primary care for children under 5 years old, including a breakdown via age, ethnicity, deprivation quintile and sex.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: 39 of 40 general practices in Lambeth, London, UK.

Measurement of Functional Brain Network Connectivity in People with Orthostatic Tremor.

Orthostatic tremor is a rare movement disorder characterized by a sensation of unsteadiness and leg tremor while standing. It has been hypothesized that the disorder is attributable to dysregulation of a central oscillatory network in the brain. This putative network includes primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, cerebellum, thalamus, and pontine tegmentum.

Opioid prescription patterns among commercially insured children with and without cerebral palsy.

Purpose: This study aimed to describe opioid prescription patterns for children with vs. without cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods: This cohort study used commercial claims from 01/01/2015-12/31/2016 and included children aged 2-18 years old with and without CP.

The functional role of spatial anisotropies in ensemble perception.

Background: The human brain can rapidly represent sets of similar stimuli by their ensemble summary statistics, like the average orientation or size. Classic models assume that ensemble statistics are computed by integrating all elements with equal weight. Challenging this view, here, we show that ensemble statistics are estimated by combining parafoveal and foveal statistics in proportion to their reliability.

Comorbidity Clusters Among Adults With Cerebral Palsy: A Latent Class Analysis.

Introduction: Adults with cerebral palsy are at risk for early multimorbidity onset, but little is known about the composition of multimorbidity profiles or how these profiles present across adulthood. The objective of this study was to identify multimorbidity profiles and association with mortality among adults with cerebral palsy.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used a random 20% fee-for-service Medicare database from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2019 from adults aged ≥18 years with cerebral palsy.

Drug product attributes predict clinical efficacy in betibeglogene autotemcel gene therapy for β-thalassemia.

autologous hematopoietic stem cell lentiviral-based gene therapy with betibeglogene autotemcel has been studied in patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia in Phase III clinical trials (HGB-207 and HGB-212), with 90% of patients reaching transfusion independence (TI). Here, we explore manufacturing parameters, drug product quality attributes, and limited patient characteristics that had an impact on clinical efficacy in HGB-207 and HGB-212. Retrospective analysis revealed that the peripheral blood vector copy number (VCN) was related to TI, with a strong correlation between peripheral blood VCN at 6 months and gene therapy-derived therapeutic protein (HbA) expression at 6 months (correlation coefficient, 0.

Risk of post-fracture pneumonia and its association with cardiovascular events and mortality in adults with intellectual disabilities.

Objective: Fragility fractures are associated with an increased risk of pneumonia, which is a leading cause of death in adults with intellectual disabilities; however, the timing and complications of post-fracture pneumonia are underinvestigated. The objectives of this study were to determine the 30-day pneumonia rate post-fracture and the association of post-fracture pneumonia with mortality and cardiovascular events among adults with intellectual disabilities.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using Medicare and commercial claims from 01 January 2011 to 31 December 2016.

Hypertension prevalence, coding and control in an urban primary care setting in the UK between 2014 and 2021.

Objective: Hypertension is a leading preventable cause of mortality, yet high rates of undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension continue. The burden falls most heavily on some ethnic minorities and the socially deprived, with the COVID-19 pandemic having further widened inequalities. We sought to determine the prevalence and predictors of unmeasured blood pressure (BP), uncoded elevated BP and uncontrolled hypertension in primary care across 2014-2021.

Serial dependence in visual perception: A meta-analysis and review.

Positive sequential dependencies are phenomena in which actions, perception, decisions, and memory of features or objects are systematically biased toward visual experiences from the recent past. Among many labels, serial dependencies have been referred to as priming, sequential dependencies, sequential effects, or serial effects. Despite extensive research on the topic, the field still lacks an operational definition of what counts as serial dependence.

Perspective: A multi-trait integrative approach to understanding the structural basis of bone fragility for pediatric conditions associated with abnormal bone development.

Bone development is a highly orchestrated process that establishes the structural basis of bone strength during growth and functionality across the lifespan. This developmental process is generally robust in establishing mechanical function, being adaptable to many genetic and environmental factors. However, not all factors can be fully accommodated, leading to abnormal bone development and lower bone strength.

The age-related association between serum creatinine and cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality and fractures among adults with cerebral palsy.

Purpose: Serum creatinine may be an objective biomarker of salient health issues in adults with cerebral palsy (CP). The objective was to assess the age-related association between serum creatinine with 3-year risk of cardiorespiratory morbidity/mortality and fracture among adults with CP.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective cohort study used medical records between Jan.

Longitudinal Patterns of Postfracture Outpatient Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Use and Its Association With 3-Year Mortality Among Adults With Cerebral Palsy.

Objective: Fragility fractures are common among adults with cerebral palsy (CP), but clinical rehabilitation use after fracture and its effect on long-term health outcomes have not been sufficiently studied. The objectives of this study were to identify patterns of the use of physical therapy, occupational therapy, or both in the 6-month postfracture period and the association with 3-year mortality in adults with CP.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included adults who were ≥18 years old, had CP, and had sustained an incident fragility fracture between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2016, as identified from a random 20% Medicare fee-for-service dataset.