Risk Factors for Adolescent Cannabis Use in a State With Legal Recreational Cannabis: The Role of Parents, Siblings, and Friends.

Purpose: Cannabis use during adolescence can have harmful consequences, including poor educational outcomes, neurocognitive defects, and an increased risk of addiction to other drugs, such as tobacco, alcohol, and opioids. Perceived family and social network cannabis use is a risk factor for use among adolescents. It is not currently known whether there is an association between perceived family/social network cannabis use and adolescent cannabis use in the context of legalization.

Transcriptome features of stone cell development in weevil-resistant and susceptible Sitka spruce.

Stone cells are a specialized, highly lignified cell type found in both angiosperms and gymnosperms. In conifers, abundance of stone cells in the cortex provides a robust constitutive physical defense against stem feeding insects. Stone cells are a major insect-resistance trait in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), occurring in dense clusters in apical shoots of trees resistant (R) to spruce weevil (Pissodes strobi) but being rare in susceptible (S) trees.

Adolescents' Views on Preventing Youth Cannabis Marketing Exposure: A Concept Mapping Approach.

Objective: The increasing number of states legalizing recreational cannabis use has raised growing concerns about exposure and access to cannabis for youth. The objective of this study was to develop an adolescent stakeholder-driven concept map toward identifying priority areas for preventing youth cannabis marketing influence.

Method: This study used concept mapping, a validated research method that leverages both qualitative and quantitative approaches to integrate stakeholder input on complex topics.

Spruce giga-genomes: structurally similar yet distinctive with differentially expanding gene families and rapidly evolving genes.

Spruces (Picea spp.) are coniferous trees widespread in boreal and mountainous forests of the northern hemisphere, with large economic significance and enormous contributions to global carbon sequestration. Spruces harbor very large genomes with high repetitiveness, hampering their comparative analysis.

Hold that pose: capturing cervical dystonia's head deviation severity from video.

Objective: Deviated head posture is a defining characteristic of cervical dystonia (CD). Head posture severity is typically quantified with clinical rating scales such as the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS). Because clinical rating scales are inherently subjective, they are susceptible to variability that reduces their sensitivity as outcome measures.

The genome of the forest insect pest Pissodes strobi reveals genome expansion and evidence of a Wolbachia endosymbiont.

The highly diverse insect family of true weevils, Curculionidae, includes many agricultural and forest pests. Pissodes strobi, commonly known as the spruce weevil or white pine weevil, is a major pest of spruce and pine forests in North America. Pissodes strobi larvae feed on the apical shoots of young trees, causing stunted growth and can destroy regenerating spruce or pine forests.

A Content Analysis of Cannabis Company Adherence to Marketing Requirements in Four States.

Objective: Marketing messages can influence adolescents' attitudes and behaviors toward alcohol and tobacco. In the era of legalized cannabis use, retail cannabis companies often use social media marketing on platforms popular among youth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate adherence to state-based regulations for restricted and required content across social media from recreational cannabis businesses.

Approaches for Implementing Healthy Food Interventions in Settings With Limited Resources: A Case Study of Sodium Reduction Interventions in Emergency Food Programs Addressing Food Insecurity.

Purpose: This study describes how recipients of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention funded Sodium Reduction in Communities Program (SRCP) worked with emergency food programs to improve access to healthy food to address chronic conditions.

Design: SRCP recipients partnered with emergency food programs to implement sodium reduction strategies including nutrition standards, procurement practices, environmental strategies, and behavioral economics approaches.

Setting: SRCP recipients and emergency food programs in Washington County and Benton County, Arkansas and King County, Washington.

Estimating the cost-effectiveness of the Sodium Reduction in Communities Program.

Objective: This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) Sodium Reduction in Communities Program (SRCP).

Design: We collected implementation costs and performance measure indicators from SRCP recipients and their partner food service organisations. We estimated the cost per person and per food service organisation reached and the cost per menu item impacted.

A Scoping Review of Data Sources for the Conduct of Policy-Relevant Substance Use Research.

Objective: Existing administrative and survey data are critical for understanding the effects of exigent policies on population health outcomes related to opioid, cannabis, and other substance use disorders (SUDs). The objective of this study was to determine the state of the data available for evaluating SUD-related health outcomes.

Methods: We performed a scoping review of national and state government data sources to measure and evaluate the effects of state policy changes on substance use and SUD-related health outcomes and health care use.

SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence and Drug Use in Trauma Patients from Six Sites in the United States.

In comparison to the general patient population, trauma patients show higher level detections of bloodborne infectious diseases, such as Hepatitis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus. In comparison to bloodborne pathogens, the prevalence of respiratory infections such as SARS-CoV-2 and how that relates with other variables, such as drug usage and trauma type, is currently unknown in trauma populations. Here, we evaluated SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity and antibody isotype profile in 2,542 trauma patients from six Level-1 trauma centers between April and October of 2020 during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Navigating the U.S. health insurance landscape for children with rare diseases: a qualitative study of parents' experiences.

Background: Parents of children with rare diseases often face uncertainty about diagnosis, treatment, and costs associated with healthcare for their child. Health insurance status impacts each of these areas, but no U.S.

Kratom exposures among older adults reported to U.S. poison centers, 2014-2019.

Background: In recent years, use of the herbal supplement kratom has increased in the United States. The reasons for use include pain relief, particularly as a substitute for opioids.

Objectives: To describe epidemiologic trends in kratom-related exposures among older adults reported to U.

Constitutive and insect-induced transcriptomes of weevil-resistant and susceptible Sitka spruce.

Spruce weevil () is a significant pest of regenerating spruce () and pine () forests in North America. Weevil larvae feed in the bark, phloem, cambium, and outer xylem of apical shoots, causing stunted growth or mortality of young trees. We identified and characterized constitutive and weevil-induced patterns of Sitka spruce () transcriptomes in weevil-resistant (R) and susceptible (S) trees using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and differential expression (DE) analyses.

Trends and Characteristics of Manufactured Cannabis Product and Cannabis Plant Product Exposures Reported to US Poison Control Centers, 2017-2019.

This cross-sectional study examines reports of cannabis exposure at US poison control centers for trends in patient and product characteristics, stratified by manufactured cannabis products and plant materials.

Cannabis Marketing and Problematic Cannabis Use Among Adolescents.

Objective: Health consequences of commercializing nonmedical cannabis remain unclear, but data suggest that youth may encounter unintended risks. This study examined whether cannabis marketing exposure and engagement are associated with problematic cannabis use among adolescents.

Method: The analytic sample included 172 lifetime cannabis users (15-19 years old) who lived in one of six states with legalized nonmedical cannabis in 2018.

Prevalence and Correlates of Cannabis Use in Massachusetts after Cannabis Legalization and before Retail Sales.

We determined the prevalence and correlates of cannabis use in Massachusetts after recreational use was passed, but before recreational cannabis stores opened. A cross-sectional, population-based survey of Massachusetts adults, age 18 years or older, (n = 3,022) was conducted in November-December, 2017. We estimated population-level prevalence and correlates of past 30-day cannabis use.

CDC's Sodium Reduction in Communities Program: Evaluating Differential Effects in Food Service Settings, 2013-2016.

High sodium intake can lead to hypertension and increase the risk for heart disease and stroke; however, research is lacking on the effectiveness of community-based sodium reduction programs. From 2013 through 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded 10 state and local health departments to implement sodium reduction strategies across diverse institutional food settings. Strategies of the Sodium Reduction in Communities Program (SRCP) are implementing food service guidelines, making menu modifications, enabling purchase of reuced-sodium foods, and providing consumer information.

Gymnosperm glandular trichomes: expanded dimensions of the conifer terpenoid defense system.

Glandular trichomes (GTs) are defensive structures that produce and accumulate specialized metabolites and protect plants against herbivores, pathogens, and abiotic stress. GTs have been extensively studied in angiosperms for their roles in defense and biosynthesis of high-value metabolites. In contrast, trichomes of gymnosperms have been described in fossilized samples, but have not been studied in living plants.

Evaluation of Availability of Survey Data About Cannabis Use.

Importance: In response to increasing public support for cannabis legalization, understanding associations of state and federal policy changes related to cannabis legalization with patterns of cannabis use is important. A challenge for public health monitoring and research is significant variation in data availability related to cannabis use behaviors and perceptions across and within states and over time, including the availability of prelegalization vs postlegalization data.

Objective: To review data available on cannabis use and related behaviors over time in Massachusetts and the US.