Defining the Public Health Threat of Dietary Supplement Fraud.

 Adverse health events resulting from dietary supplement fraud (DSF)-fraud conducted for economic gain using dietary supplements-have received increased recognition from agencies and industry. There is a growing awareness that this issue represents a significant public health threat. With increasing consumption of supplements, there are increasing consequences-good and bad-for food science and food safety.

"Please, I want to go home": ethical issues raised when considering choice of place of care in palliative care.

Many palliative care patients would prefer to receive care, and to die, at home. Despite this many die in institutions. In response to this, politicians and charities have adopted policies aimed at increasing the opportunities for care and death at home.

Food safety self-reported behaviors and cognitions of young adults: results of a national study.

With limited opportunities to learn safe food handling via observation, many young adults lack the knowledge needed to keep them safe from foodborne disease. It is important to reach young adults with food safety education because of their current and future roles as caregivers. With a nationwide online survey, the demographic characteristics, self-reported food handling and consumption behaviors, food safety beliefs, locus of control, self-efficacy, stage of change, and knowledge of young adults with education beyond high school (n = 4,343) were assessed.

Food safety hazards lurk in the kitchens of young adults.

Food mishandling in home kitchens likely causes a significant amount of foodborne disease; however, little is known about the food safety hazards lurking in home kitchens. The purposes of this study were to audit the kitchens of young adults with education beyond high school to identify food safety problems and develop recommendations for education efforts. Researchers developed a criterion-referenced home kitchen observation instrument to assess compliance of home food storage and rotation practices (e.

Surveying the RHIO landscape. A description of current RHIO models, with a focus on patient identification.

Across the country, new RHIOs are being formed every day. The 21 RHIOs studied by the work group illustrate the variety of purposes, funding, and record linking methods RHIOs may adopt. As this trend continues to evolve and improve, RHIOs may prove to be a valuable stepping stone on the road to a national system in which a patient's medical data will be available anywhere, anytime.

Stability of an impulsively accelerated density interface in magnetohydrodynamics.

In the framework of ideal incompressible magnetohydrodynamics, we examine the stability of an impulsively accelerated, sinusoidally perturbed density interface in the presence of a magnetic field that is parallel to the acceleration. This is accomplished by analytically solving the linearized initial value problem, which is a model for the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability. We find that the initial growth rate of the interface is unaffected by the presence of a magnetic field, but for a finite magnetic field the interface amplitude asymptotes to a constant value.

Analysis of ear sebum of the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) reveals pronounced sexual dimorphism.

External ear of male and female Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were extracted with hexane and separated by class on thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Separated lipid classes were eluted and saponified, and non-saponifiable lipids further characterized by TLC, gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), UV and IR spectroscopy and functional group analyses. Many sex differences were observed, most notably the presence of sex-specific sterols of males and females.

In-vitro testosterone metabolism in the mouse preputial gland: intercellular co-operation and changes with cell maturation.

In-vitro [14C]testosterone metabolism was investigated in isolated cells of adult male mouse preputial sebaceous glands. Labelled steroids were extracted and chromatographed after a 2-h incubation, and were identified as 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, 5 alpha-androstane-3,17-dione, 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol, androsterone and 3-epiandrosterone. In cells separated according to state of maturity (lipid content) by isopycnic centrifugation in a metrizamide gradient, maximal testosterone metabolism occurred in large, nearly mature cells.

Sebaceous gland differentiation: III. The uses and limitations of freshly isolated mouse preputial gland cells for the in vitro study of hormone and drug action.

The effects of selected hormones and drugs on freshly isolated mouse preputial gland cells have been studied. The steroid hormones, testosterone, DHT, androstanediol, androsterone and androstanedione all failed to stimulate, and estradiol failed to inhibit, either DNA or lipid synthesis under the conditions studied. Thyroxine and insulin had no effect on lipogenesis but epinephrine and PGE2 caused significant stimulation as did Bt2cAMP.

Sebaceous gland differentiation: II. The isolation, separation and characterization of cells from the mouse preputial gland.

Viable cells have been isolated, by enzyme digestion, from mouse preputial glands and have been separated, by isopycnic centrifugation, into populations of different buoyant densities. The separated cells have been evaluated by morphological and biochemical criteria to assess the success of the separation procedure in terms of the stage of differentiation of each cell population. Use of Ficoll as gradient medium for the isopycnic centrifugation proved unsuccessful, but good separations were obtained when Metrizamide was used.

Sebaceous gland differentiation. I. Separation, morphology and lipogenesis of isolated cells from the mouse preputial gland tumor.

Single cell suspensions have been prepared, by enzyme digestion, from the mouse preputial gland tumor and separated by flotation centrifugation into populations of different buoyant densities. These populations of cells have been shown by morphological, chemical and biochemical criteria to be in different stages of maturation. Some properties of the separated cells are described.

Ultrastructural changes and viral morphogenesis during the growth of the mouse preputial gland tumor ESR 586.

A study was undertaken to observe morphological changes and viral morphogenesis during the growth of the mouse preputial gland tumor ESR 586. The acinar cells of the normal preputial gland have an extensive agranular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus and large lipid droplets. No viral particles are present.

Culture of cloned cells from the mouse preputial gland tumor ESR 586.

Cells from the mouse preputial gland tumor ESR 586 have been cultured and cloned. Trypsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetate was used to obtain single cells. The cells are grown in a modified CMRL-1415 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum.