Anti-Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Bacteriophage Loaded Electrospun Fibers for Antibacterial Wound Dressings.

Antimicrobial resistance poses a growing threat to public health globally. Multidrug resistant Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa is detected in many infected wounds and is very challenging to treat with antibiotics.

The Co-Occurrence of Autism and Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID): A Prevalence-Based Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a feeding and eating disorder characterized by extensive avoidance and/or restriction of food. Existing research demonstrates that ARFID is over-represented in Autistic populations and vice-versa, with both groups exhibiting shared characteristics. This meta-analysis investigated the co-occurrence between ARFID and autism via determination of autism prevalence in ARFID populations, and ARFID prevalence in Autistic groups.

Diagnosing Allergic Contact Dermatitis Using Deep Learning: Single-Arm, Pragmatic Clinical Trial with an Observer Performance Study to Compare Artificial Intelligence Performance with Human Reader Performance.

Allergic contact dermatitis is a common, pruritic, debilitating skin disease, affecting at least 20% of the population. To prospectively validate a computer vision algorithm across all Fitzpatrick skin types. Each participant was exposed to 10 allergens.

Eight Year Follow-Up After Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy in a Brazilian Cohort: Weight Trajectory and Health Outcomes.

Introduction: Despite Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) being the most commonly performed bariatric surgery today, studies with over 5 years of follow-up show that patients undergoing SG have inferior weight loss compared to those undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The aim of this study was to examine differences in weight loss and the prevalence of weight regain between SG and RYGB up to 8 years after surgery.

Methods: Retrospective study including adult patients undergoing SG or RYGB between 2015 and 2018 at a tertiary center in Brazil.

Anti-Thymocyte Globulin as a Therapy for Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction: A Single-Center Experience.

Introduction: Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) is a polyclonal antibody formulation which has been used as a second-line therapy for chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). Limited data exist evaluating its efficacy; however, several single-center retrospective studies have variably demonstrated either improvement or stabilization of spirometry parameters after administration of ATG. ATG has been in use at UT Southwestern for treatment of CLAD since at least 2010; here, we seek to evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention at our center.

Effects of isoleucine, lysine, valine, and a group of nonessential amino acids on mammary amino acid metabolism in lactating dairy cows.

Intracellular AA regulate milk protein synthesis within the mammary gland by modifying mammary plasma flow (MPF) and AA transporter activity. Amino acid transporters catalyze translocation using Na gradient, substrate gradient (uniporters), and exchange mechanisms; further, they exhibit specificity for individual AA or groups of AA with similar side-chain properties within each transport system. Nonessential AA are actively transported through Na-dependent transporters and, thus, are often used as intracellular currencies for EAA transport through exchange transporters.

Tunnel junctions based on interfacial two dimensional ferroelectrics.

Van der Waals heterostructures have opened new opportunities to develop atomically thin (opto)electronic devices with a wide range of functionalities. The recent focus on manipulating the interlayer twist angle has led to the observation of out-of-plane room temperature ferroelectricity in twisted rhombohedral bilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides. Here we explore the switching behaviour of sliding ferroelectricity using scanning probe microscopy domain mapping and tunnelling transport measurements.

Temporal Trends in Body Composition and Metabolic Markers Prior to Diagnosis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Background & Aims: Changes in body composition and metabolic factors may serve as biomarkers for the early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The aim of this study was to capture the longitudinal changes in body composition and metabolic factors before diagnosis of PDAC.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study in which all patients (≥18 years) diagnosed with PDAC from 2002 to 2021 were identified.

Recovery of turning speed in patients after vestibular schwannoma resection.

Background: Individuals after a vestibular schwannoma resection (VSR) experience significant vestibular symptoms that can be provoked with turning. Vestibular rehabilitation assists in recovery of function and symptom relief, however turning response is unknown.

Objective: Examine peak turning speed response to surgery and rehabilitation.

Vestibular Decompensation Following COVID-19 Infection in a Person With Compensated Unilateral Vestibular Loss: A Rehabilitation Case Study.

Background And Purpose: Surgical removal of a vestibular schwannoma (vestibular schwannoma resection; VSR) results in a unilateral vestibular hypofunction with complaints of dizziness and imbalance. Although the anatomic lesion is permanent, recovery of balance and diminution of dizziness occurs through central neurophysiologic compensation. Compensation of the system is maintained through daily activity.

Abdominal Body Composition Reference Ranges and Association With Chronic Conditions in an Age- and Sex-Stratified Representative Sample of a Geographically Defined American Population.

Background: Body composition can be accurately quantified from abdominal computed tomography (CT) exams and is a predictor for the development of aging-related conditions and for mortality. However, reference ranges for CT-derived body composition measures of obesity, sarcopenia, and bone loss have yet to be defined in the general population.

Methods: We identified a population-representative sample of 4 900 persons aged 20 to 89 years who underwent an abdominal CT exam from 2010 to 2020.

Turning speed as a more responsive metric of age-related decline in mobility: A comparative study with gait speed.

Background: Navigating your environment requires both straight-line gait as well as turning. Gait speed normative values are well established and utilized in determining a person's functional status, however, it has limitations. This study sought to examine whether turning speed declines with age and how it compared to gait speed age-related decline.

Perspectives on phenotypic screening-Screen Design and Assay Technology Special Interest Group.

Here we offer perspectives on phenotypic screening based on a wide-ranging discussion entitled "Phenotypic screening, target ID, and multi-omics: enabling more disease relevance in early discovery?" at the Screen Design and Assay Technology Special Interest Group Meeting at the 2023 SLAS Conference. During the session, the authors shared their own experience from within their respective organizations, followed by an open discussion with the audience. It was recognized that while substantial progress has been made towards translating disease-relevant phenotypic early discovery into clinical success, there remain significant operational and scientific challenges to implementing phenotypic screening efforts, and improving translation of screening hits comes with substantial resource demands and organizational commitment.

Older Tissue Age Derived From Abdominal Computed Tomography Biomarkers of Muscle, Fat, and Bone Is Associated With Chronic Conditions and Higher Mortality.

Objective: To determine whether body composition derived from medical imaging may be useful for assessing biologic age at the tissue level because people of the same chronologic age may vary with respect to their biologic age.

Methods: We identified an age- and sex-stratified cohort of 4900 persons with an abdominal computed tomography scan from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2020, who were 20 to 89 years old and representative of the general population in Southeast Minnesota and West Central Wisconsin. We constructed a model for estimating tissue age that included 6 body composition biomarkers calculated from abdominal computed tomography using a previously validated deep learning model.

Machine Learning for Diagnosis of Pulmonary Hypertension by Echocardiography.

Objective: To evaluate a machine learning (ML)-based model for pulmonary hypertension (PH) prediction using measurements and impressions made during echocardiography.

Methods: A total of 7853 consecutive patients with right-sided heart catheterization and transthoracic echocardiography performed within 1 week from January 1, 2012, through December 31, 2019, were included. The data were split into training (n=5024 [64%]), validation (n=1275 [16%]), and testing (n=1554 [20%]).

Predicting Penicillin Allergy: A United States Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Background: Using the reaction history in logistic regression and machine learning (ML) models to predict penicillin allergy has been reported based on non-US data.

Objective: We developed ML positive penicillin allergy testing prediction models from multisite US data.

Methods: Retrospective data from 4 US-based hospitals were grouped into 4 datasets: enriched training (1:3 case-control matched cohort), enriched testing, nonenriched internal testing, and nonenriched external testing.

Quantifying Turning Tasks With Wearable Sensors: A Reliability Assessment.

Objective: The aim of this study was to establish the test-retest reliability of metrics obtained from wearable inertial sensors that reflect turning performance during tasks designed to imitate various turns in daily activity.

Methods: Seventy-one adults who were healthy completed 3 turning tasks: a 1-minute walk along a 6-m walkway, a modified Illinois Agility Test (mIAT), and a complex turning course (CTC). Peak axial turning and rotational velocity (yaw angular velocity) were extracted from wearable inertial sensors on the head, trunk, and lumbar spine.

Demystifying Statistics and Machine Learning in Analysis of Structured Tabular Data.

Electronic health records have facilitated the extraction and analysis of a vast amount of data with many variables for clinical care and research. Conventional regression-based statistical methods may not capture all the complexities in high-dimensional data analysis. Therefore, researchers are increasingly using machine learning (ML)-based methods to better handle these more challenging datasets for the discovery of hidden patterns in patients' data and for classification and predictive purposes.

People with multiple sclerosis and unilateral peripheral vestibular loss demonstrate similar alterations in head and trunk turning kinematics compared to healthy controls.

Background: Individuals with peripheral vestibulopathy are known to have difficulty with volitional head turns. This leads to differences in head and body turning kinematics, compared to those without vestibular dysfunction. Multiple sclerosis (MS), a neuro-inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system, can cause vestibular dysfunction (dizziness, unsteadiness, gaze instability).

Analysis of Social Media Use, Mental Health, and Gender Identity Among US Youths.

Importance: Mental health among children and adolescents is a critical public health issue, and transgender and gender nonbinary youths are at an even greater risk. Social media has been consistently associated with youth mental health, but little is known about how gender identity interacts with this association.

Objective: To use a risk and resilience approach to examine the association between social media use and mental health among transgender, gender nonbinary, and cisgender youths.

A heterotrimeric complex of Toxoplasma proteins promotes parasite survival in interferon gamma-stimulated human cells.

Toxoplasma gondii secretes protein effectors to subvert the human immune system sufficiently to establish a chronic infection. Relative to murine infections, little is known about which parasite effectors disarm human immune responses. Here, we used targeted CRISPR screening to identify secreted protein effectors required for parasite survival in IFNγ-activated human cells.

Robotic right versus left colectomy for colorectal neoplasia: a systemic review and meta-analysis.

Previous studies comparing right and left colectomies have shown variable short-term outcomes. Despite the rapid adoption of robotics in colorectal operations, few studies have addressed outcome differences between robotic right (RRC) and left (RLC) colectomies. Therefore, we sought to compare the short-term outcomes of RRC and RLC for neoplasia.