Association of prostate cancer risk Loci with disease aggressiveness and prostate cancer-specific mortality.

Genome-wide association studies have detected more than 30 inherited prostate cancer risk variants. While clearly associated with risk, their relationship with clinical outcome, particularly prostate cancer-specific mortality, is less well known. We investigated whether the risk variants are associated with various measures of disease aggressiveness and prostate cancer-specific mortality.

Long-term pathological follow-up of 2-loop iridocapsular intraocular lens.

We analyzed an enucleated postmortem eye from an 86-year-old donor who had a 2-loop iridocapsular intraocular lens (IOL) that had been implanted at least 30 years earlier. High-frequency ultrasound showed a relatively well-centered iris-supported optic in front of the pupil. Gross and light microscopic analyses of the eye and the IOL showed loop fixation outside the capsular bag remnants, a thickened cornea, mild attenuation of the corneal endothelium, multiple areas of iris trauma secondary to haptic abrasion, fragments of iris tissue attached to the haptics, as well as pigment dispersion within the eye with pigmented epithelial cells attached to the IOL haptics.

Accelerated 20-year sunlight exposure simulation of a photochromic foldable intraocular lens in a rabbit model.

Purpose: To assess the long-term biocompatibility and photochromic stability of a new photochromic hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) under extended ultraviolet (UV) light exposure.

Setting: John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

Risk stratification and validation of prostate specific antigen density as independent predictor of progression in men with low risk prostate cancer during active surveillance.

Purpose: We assessed risk stratification in patients with low grade prostate cancer managed by active surveillance using a 20-core saturation biopsy technique.

Materials And Methods: A total of 135 consecutive patients with low risk prostate cancer were prospectively entered in an active surveillance program in a 10-year period. The study entrance requirement and progression definition followed Epstein criteria using only pathological parameters, ie fewer than 3 positive cores, Gleason score 6 or less and 50% or less of any single core involved.

Serious psychological distress and diabetes care among California adults.

Objective: To evaluate three aspects of diabetes care (foot checks, eye examinations, and hemoglobin A 1 C checks by a physician) among California adults with Type 2 diabetes and serious psychological distress (SPD).

Method: Data were from the population-based 2005 California Health Interview Survey. Estimates were that in 2005, 1,516,171 Californians (5.

Predictors of survival in patients with prostate cancer and spinal metastasis. Presented at the 2009 Joint Spine Section Meeting. Clinical article.

Object: Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy to cause death in men, with metastases to the spine being the most common site of metastatic burden. A retrospective observational study was performed to determine survival of patients in whom spinal metastasis from prostate cancer had been diagnosed.

Methods: The patient population was obtained from the Prostate Clinical Research Information System (CRIS) at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.

CCL3 (MIP-1α) plasma levels and the risk for disease progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling has been inferred as an important mechanism for disease progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and other B-cell malignancies. In response to BCR activation, CLL cells secrete the chemokine CCL3, which fosters interactions between CLL cells and the leukemia microenvironment. CCL3 secretion correlates with expression of the 70-kDa ζ-associated protein (ZAP-70) and responsiveness of the CLL clone to BCR stimulation.

Stabilizing HIV prevalence masks high HIV incidence rates amongst rural and urban women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Background: In mature generalized human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics, as survival from accessing antiretroviral treatment (ART) increases, HIV prevalence data may be suboptimal and difficult to interpret without HIV incidence rates.

Objective: To determine the HIV incidence rate among rural and urban women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study from March 2004 to May 2007.

Mechanized model to assess capsulorhexis resistance to tearing.

Purpose: To evaluate a model of mechanically measuring resistance to tearing of a continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) using the entire capsular bag of fresh human cadaver eyes isolated from the eyes after complete evacuation.

Setting: John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

Clinical outcome of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia and FLT3 mutations.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) represents a subset of AML with t(15;17), responsiveness to ATRA, and a favorable prognosis, yet the impact of FLT3ITD mutations over wild-type (wt)FLT3 remains unclear. We retrospectively analyzed the outcome of 26 APL patients treated at our center according to their FLT3 receptor mutation status. We show that APL patients with an ITD mutation ( = 9) have a lower fibrinogen at presentation (103.

Association of TRIM22 with the type 1 interferon response and viral control during primary HIV-1 infection.

Type 1 interferons (IFNs) induce the expression of the tripartite interaction motif (TRIM) family of E3 ligases, but the contribution of these antiviral factors to HIV pathogenesis is not completely understood. We hypothesized that the increased expression of select type 1 IFN and TRIM isoforms is associated with a significantly lower likelihood of HIV-1 acquisition and viral control during primary HIV-1 infection. We measured IFN-α, IFN-β, myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA), human TRIM5α (huTRIM5α), and TRIM22 mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of high-risk, HIV-1-uninfected participants and HIV-1-positive study participants.

High incidence of hospital admissions with multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis among South African health care workers.

Background: Nosocomial transmission has been described in extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) and HIV co-infected patients in South Africa. However, little is known about the rates of drug-resistant tuberculosis among health care workers in countries with high tuberculosis and HIV burden.

Objective: To estimate rates of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and XDR-TB hospitalizations among health care workers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Cataract development associated with collagen copolymer posterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses: clinicopathological correlation.

Purpose: To assess the histopathology of anterior subcapsular cataract associated with a collagen copolymer posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) (Visian Implantable Collamer Lens) using light microscopy after pIOL explantation and cataract surgery.

Setting: John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

Fluidity of HIV-1-specific T-cell responses during acute and early subtype C HIV-1 infection and associations with early disease progression.

Deciphering immune events during early stages of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is critical for understanding the course of disease. We characterized the hierarchy of HIV-1-specific T-cell gamma interferon (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay responses during acute subtype C infection in 53 individuals and associated temporal patterns of responses with disease progression in the first 12 months. There was a diverse pattern of T-cell recognition across the proteome, with the recognition of Nef being immunodominant as early as 3 weeks postinfection.

Comparison of familial and sporadic chronic lymphocytic leukaemia using high resolution array comparative genomic hybridization.

Approximately 10% of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) have a family history of the disease or a related lymphoproliferative disorder, yet the relationship of familial CLL to genomic abnormalities has not been characterized in detail. We therefore studied 75 CLL patients, half familial and half sporadic, using high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), in order to better define the relationship of genomic abnormalities to familial disease and other biological prognostic factors. Our results showed that the most common high-risk deletion in CLL, deletion 11q, was significantly associated with sporadic disease.

Clinicopathologic correlation of capsulorhexis phimosis with anterior flexing of single-piece hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens haptics.

Unlabelled: We describe 2 cases in which patients with 4-looped single-piece hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) exhibited postoperative complications including capsulorhexis phimosis, decentration, tilt, hyperopic shift, and luxation leading to explantation of the IOL-capsular bag complex. The excessive capsule fibrosis led to anterior flexing of the IOL haptics in both cases, even in the presence of a capsular tension ring (CTR). Histopathological analyses revealed a thick fibrocellular tissue attached to the inner surface of the anterior capsules, corresponding to the anterior capsule opacification and folds.

An anterior chamber toxicity study evaluating Besivance, AzaSite, and Ciprofloxacin.

Purpose: We determined whether Besivance (Bausch & Lomb), AzaSite (Inspire Pharmaceuticals, Inc; both with DuraSite bioadhesive [InSite Vision, Inc]) and ciprofloxacin are toxic inside the anterior chamber.

Design: Randomized, masked, placebo-controlled animal study.

Methods: Twenty New Zealand white rabbits (40 eyes) were randomized to 1 of 4 study groups: Besivance, AzaSite, ciprofloxacin, and balanced salt solution.

Glistenings and surface light scattering in intraocular lenses.

Unlabelled: Glistenings are fluid-filled microvacuoles that form within the intraocular lens (IOL) optic when the IOL is in an aqueous environment. They are observed in all types of IOLs but have been mainly associated with hydrophobic acrylic IOLs. Experimental and clinical studies suggest the various hydrophobic acrylic IOLs on the market exhibit different tendencies toward glistenings.

Retinal safety of the irradiation delivered to light-adjustable intraocular lenses evaluated in a rabbit model.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety to the retina of a light-delivery device used to irradiate a light-adjustable intraocular lens (IOL) after implantation in a rabbit model.

Setting: John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

Inherited variations in AR, ESR1, and ESR2 genes are not associated with prostate cancer aggressiveness or with efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy.

Background: Sex steroid hormone receptors mediate essential processes in normal prostate growth and contribute to prostate cancer development.

Method: In this study, we investigated the association between common inherited variation of the AR, ESR1, and ESR2 genes and two clinically relevant traits: the risk of developing aggressive prostate cancer and the response to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in a hospital-based cohort. A total of 43 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms covering the loci of AR (n = 4), ESR1 (n = 32), and ESR2 (n = 7) were successfully genotyped in 4,073 prostate cancer cases.

Guanylyl cyclase activator ataciguat improves vascular function and reduces platelet activation in heart failure.

Introduction: Endothelial dysfunction and platelet activation due to impaired endogenous platelet inhibition by nitric oxide (NO) are part of the cardiovascular phenotype in congestive heart failure (CHF). We investigated whether chronic activation of the NO target enzyme soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) would beneficially modulate vascular function and platelet activation in experimental CHF.

Materials And Methods: Chronic myocardial infarction was induced by coronary ligation in male Wistar rats.

Calcification of different designs of silicone intraocular lenses in eyes with asteroid hyalosis.

Purpose: To describe the association between calcification of older and newer designs of silicone intraocular lenses (IOLs) and asteroid hyalosis.

Design: Case series with clinicopathologic correlation.

Participants: Sixteen silicone IOLs explanted because of decreased visual acuity associated with opacifying deposits on the posterior optic surface.

Ear-canal wideband acoustic transfer functions of adults and two- to nine-month-old infants.

Objectives: Wideband acoustic transfer functions (WATF) measured in the ear canal have been shown to be effective in the diagnosis of middle ear dysfunction in adults and in newborn infants. Although these measures would be diagnostically useful in older infants, normative data on a large number of older infants are lacking. The goal of this study was to provide such normative data.