Cumulative and interannual effects of reproduction in eastern grey kangaroos.

Reproduction can reduce energy allocation to other life-history traits such as survival and growth. Resource constraints give rise to (co)variation in life-history traits and to heterogeneity in energy acquisition and allocation. At each reproductive opportunity, females face a choice between allocation to current reproduction or to maintenance.

A New Horizon for Understanding the Comparative Effectiveness for Cooling Prospectively Infants with Mild Encephalopathy.

The authors summarize the methodology for a new pragmatic comparative effectiveness research investigation, Cooling Prospectively Infants with Mild Encephalopathy (COOLPRIME), which uses sites' existing mild hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) treatment preference (hypothermia or normothermia) to assess hypothermia effectiveness and safety. COOLPRIME's primary aim is to determine the safety and effectiveness of hypothermia compared to normothermia in mild HIE. Engagement of Families and Community Affected by Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy strongly favored Effectiveness over Efficacy Trials leading to COOL PRIME design.

Early-life behavior, survival, and maternal personality in a wild marsupial.

Individual behavior varies for many reasons, but how early in life are such differences apparent, and are they under selection? We investigated variation in early-life behavior in a wild eastern gray kangaroo () population, and quantified associations of behavior with early survival. Behavior of young was measured while still in the pouch and as subadults, and survival to weaning was monitored. We found consistent variation between offspring of different mothers in levels of activity at the pouch stage, in flight initiation distance (FID) as subadults, and in subadult survival, indicating similarity between siblings.

Change in Health-Related Quality of Life in Youth with Chronic Hepatitis B Living in North America: A 5-Year Cohort Study.

Background: Greater hepatitis-related symptomology is associated with lower health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) among untreated youth with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). How HRQoL changes over time in this population is unknown.

Methods: Children from 7 hepatology centers in North America positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, not taking anti-viral therapy, were enrolled in the Hepatitis B Research Network.

Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Pregnancy within 7 years after Roux-Y Gastric Bypass or Sleeve Gastrectomy Surgery.

Purpose: Few studies examine whether maternal and neonatal outcomes differ by time from metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) to conception. We describe maternal and neonatal outcomes among women with pregnancy after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG) overall and by whether conception occurred during the period when pregnancy is not recommended (< 18 months postoperative) versus later.

Materials And Methods: A prospective cohort study enrolled 135 US adult women (median age, 30 years, body mass index [BMI], 47.

Antisense oligonucleotide targeting DMPK in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1: a multicentre, randomised, dose-escalation, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2a trial.

Background: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 results from an RNA gain-of-function mutation, in which DM1 protein kinase (DMPK) transcripts carrying expanded trinucleotide repeats exert deleterious effects. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) provide a promising approach to treatment of myotonic dystrophy type 1 because they reduce toxic RNA levels. We aimed to investigate the safety of baliforsen (ISIS 598769), an ASO targeting DMPK mRNA.

SARS-CoV-2 control on a large urban college campus without mass testing.

Objective: A small percentage of universities and colleges conducted mass SARS-CoV-2 testing. However, universal testing is resource-intensive, strains national testing capacity, and false negative tests can encourage unsafe behaviors.

Participants: A large urban university campus.

Post-weaning survival in kangaroos is high and constant until senescence: Implications for population dynamics.

Large herbivores typically have consistently high prime-aged adult survival and lower, more variable, juvenile, and senescent survival. Many kangaroo populations undergo greater fluctuations in density compared with other large herbivores, but age- and sex-specific survival of kangaroos and their response to environmental variation remain poorly estimated. We used long-term capture-mark-recapture data on 920 individuals to investigate the survival component of eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) population dynamics.

Changes in Marital Status Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy: A US Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.

Unlabelled: Among a US cohort followed 5 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy, cumulative incidence of marriage and separation/divorce were 18% among unmarried (N=614) and 13% among married (N=827) participants, respectively. Preoperative predictors of marriage included younger age, college degree, lower BMI and cohabitating or being separated (versus single).

Objectives: To describe changes in marital status following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG).

A 7-Year Study of the Durability of Improvements in Pain, Physical Function, and Work Productivity After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Importance: Bariatric surgical procedures are associated with clinically important improvements (CIIs) in pain and physical function. However, there are declines in initial improvement by the third postoperative year, and the long-term durability of improvements are not well-described.

Objective: To evaluate the durability of improvements in pain and physical function through 7 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG).

Hepatitis B RNA and Core-Related Antigen Provide Value Beyond DNA in Evaluating e But Not Surface Antigen Clearance.

In chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance are important milestones toward immune control. A drop in HBV DNA is an established correlate of both HBeAg and HBsAg clearance. We evaluated changes in HBV RNA and hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) levels, markers of transcriptional activity of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), with HBeAg and HBsAg clearance, and compared them with changes in HBV DNA level among adult participants in the Hepatitis B Research Network (HBRN).

Characteristics of Older Patients With Immunotolerant Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection.

Background & Aims: Most patients in the immunotolerant (IT) phase of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) transition to the immune active (IA-hepatitis B surface antigen [HBeAg]+) phase by early adulthood. We examined characteristics of adults in the IT vs IA-HBeAg+ phase and rate of transition from IT to other phases of CHB, with a focus on those ≥40 years.

Methods: Demographic, clinical, and virologic characteristics of participants in the Hepatitis B Research Network adult cohort study with IT CHB (alanine aminotransferase ≤1.

HBV transcription and translation persist despite viral suppression in HBV-HIV co-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy.

Background And Aims: Liver injury may persist in patients with HBV receiving antiviral therapy who have ongoing transcription and translation. We sought to assess ongoing HBV transcription by serum HBV RNA, translation by serum hepatitis B core related antigen (HBcrAg), and their associations with hepatic HBsAg and HBcAg staining in patients coinfected with HBV and HIV.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 110 adults coinfected with HBV and HIV who underwent clinical assessment and liver biopsy.

Interrater reliability and internal consistency of the eating disorder examination in the longitudinal assessment of bariatric surgery study.

Background: Psychometric studies of eating disorder measures within bariatric surgery populations are limited.

Objectives: To examine the interrater reliability and internal consistency of the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) among patients before and after bariatric surgery.

Setting: Three clinical centers of the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery Research Consortium.

Functional outcome measures in young, steroid-naïve boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

The purpose of this study was to quantitate motor performance in 196 genetically confirmed steroid-naïve boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), to evaluate the test-retest reliability of measures of motor performance in young DMD boys, and to assess correlations among the different functional outcomes including timed tests. Boys aged 4-7 years were recruited in the FOR-DMD study, a comparative effectiveness study of different steroid regimens in DMD. Eligible boys had to be able to rise from the floor independently and to perform pulmonary function testing consistently.

Change in C-reactive protein after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass through 7 years of follow-up.

Background: Long-term change in CRP is not well characterized in the context of RYGB.

Objective: To report C-reactive protein (CRP) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB).

Setting: Between 2006 and 2009 1770 adults enrolled in a prospective cohort study underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) at 1 of 10 U.

A prospective cohort study of renal function and bone turnover in adults with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-HIV co-infection with high prevalence of tenofovir-based antiretroviral therapy use.

Objective: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a common component of antiretroviral therapy in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-HIV co-infected adults but few studies have evaluated worsening renal function and bone turnover, known effects of TDF.

Methods: Adults from eight North American sites were enrolled in this cohort study. Research assessments were conducted at entry and every 24 weeks for ≤192 weeks.