Assessing the Rise in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Incidence: A 38-Year Australian Study Investigating WHO Classification Influence.

The incidence of thyroid cancer has shown marked increases globally over recent decades. This study investigated how the incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) subtypes and World Health Organisation (WHO) endocrine tumour classification changes have affected overall thyroid cancer incidence recorded in Australia. Using incidence data from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare cancer registry (spanning 1982 to 2019), this descriptive epidemiological study employed joinpoint regression analysis to assess temporal trends in thyroid carcinoma incidence, focusing on PTC.

Australian automotive workers and community leaders interview dataset following 2017 assembly plant closures.

The Australian manufacturing sector saw the exit of the automotive industry in 2017 arising in mass retrenchment across its assembly plants and supply chain firms. In 2019, a large-scale program of research was launched to investigate the impacts of the closures on workers and community including a dedicated stream of qualitative work which took place in 2021. This work took the form of in-depth interviews that investigated the experiences of automotive workers as they underwent retrenchment, reskilling, re-employment and retirement.

Increases in donor/recipient predicted heart mass ratios do not result in large donor right ventricles.

Pulmonary hypertension puts strain on the right ventricle (RV), leading to the widespread practice of oversizing donor hearts to mitigate complications. However, contemporary evidence for this practice is neutral. We studied the relationship between donor-recipient predicted heart mass (D/R PHM) ratios and increases in donor left ventricle (LV) and RV mass.

GABA Type A receptors expressed in triple negative breast cancer cells mediate chloride ion flux.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known for its heterogeneous nature and aggressive onset, limited unresponsiveness to hormone therapies and immunotherapy as well as high likelihood of metastasis and recurrence. Since no targeted standard treatment options are available for TNBC, novel and effective therapeutic targets are urgently needed. Ion channels have emerged as possible novel therapeutic candidates for cancer therapy.

 (Caryophyllaceae), an enigmatic new species from Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands and the first species discovered by a drone collection system.

During a survey by the National Tropical Botanical Garden drone team, an enigmatic was observed in December 2021on steep, rocky cliff faces of the Waiahulu Valley in the Waimea Canyon of Kaua'i. Subsequently, another survey was conducted in March 2022 and, by use of a remotely controlled cutting device suspended below the drone, the first herbarium specimen was collected, as well as a seed collection of an undescribed cliff-dwelling species of . Detailed study of the collections and plants grown at the University of California, Irvine greenhouse showed that it had enlarged, somewhat whitish sepals similar to those of cliff-dwelling (the sole species in sect.

Beyond the Basics: Partnerships and Innovations for Empowerment to Address Workplace Violence, a Call to Action.

Workplace violence (WPV) has become a crisis for health care workers, with a significant increase in violent events taking place in health care settings across the nation. Health care organizations should develop a comprehensive WPV program that includes recognition, management, and reporting of all types of WPV. A large health care system developed strategies and a program to address WPV.

The harms of promoting the lab leak hypothesis for SARS-CoV-2 origins without evidence.

Science is humanity's best insurance against threats from nature, but it is a fragile enterprise that must be nourished and protected. The preponderance of scientific evidence indicates a natural origin for SARS-CoV-2. Yet, the theory that SARS-CoV-2 was engineered in and escaped from a lab dominates media attention, even in the absence of strong evidence.

BCL-2 and BOK regulate apoptosis by interaction of their C-terminal transmembrane domains.

The Bcl-2 family controls apoptosis by direct interactions of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. The principle mechanism is binding of the BH3 domain of pro-apoptotic proteins to the hydrophobic groove of anti-apoptotic siblings, which is therapeutically exploited by approved BH3-mimetic anti-cancer drugs. Evidence suggests that also the transmembrane domain (TMD) of Bcl-2 proteins can mediate Bcl-2 interactions.

SARS-CoV-2 population dynamics in immunocompetent individuals in a closed transmission chain shows genomic diversity over the course of infection.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 remains rapidly evolving, and many biologically important genomic substitutions/indels have characterised novel SARS-CoV-2 lineages, which have emerged during successive global waves of the pandemic. Worldwide genomic sequencing has been able to monitor these waves, track transmission clusters, and examine viral evolution in real time to help inform healthcare policy. One school of thought is that an apparent greater than average divergence in an emerging lineage from contemporary variants may require persistent infection, for example in an immunocompromised host.

Chemical Stability of mRNA/cDNA Complexes: Defining the Limits of mRNA Display.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) display is being increasingly adopted for peptide drug candidate discovery. While many conditions have been reported for the affinity enrichment step and in some cases for peptide modification, there is still limited understanding about the versatility of peptide-puromycin-mRNA/cDNA (complementary DNA) complexes. This work explores the chemical stability of mRNA/cDNA hybrid complexes under a range of different fundamental chemical conditions as well as with peptide modification conditions reported in an mRNA display setting.

Microbiome and epigenetic variation in wild fish with low genetic diversity.

Non-genetic sources of phenotypic variation, such as the epigenome and the microbiome, could be important contributors to adaptive variation for species with low genetic diversity. However, little is known about the complex interaction between these factors and the genetic diversity of the host, particularly in wild populations. Here, we examine the skin microbiome composition of two closely-related mangrove killifish species with different mating systems (self-fertilising and outcrossing) under sympatric and allopatric conditions.

Ethanol disrupts hepatocellular lipophagy by altering Rab5-centric LD-lysosome trafficking.

Background: Previous reports suggest that lipid droplets (LDs) in the hepatocyte can be catabolized by a direct engulfment from nearby endolysosomes (microlipophagy). Further, it is likely that this process is compromised by chronic ethanol (EtOH) exposure leading to hepatic steatosis. This study investigates the hepatocellular machinery supporting microlipophagy and EtOH-induced alterations in this process with a focus on the small, endosome-associated, GTPase Rab5.

ATF3 characterizes aggressive drug-tolerant persister cells in HGSOC.

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) represents the most common and lethal subtype of ovarian cancer. Despite initial response to platinum-based standard therapy, patients commonly suffer from relapse that likely originates from drug-tolerant persister (DTP) cells. We generated isogenic clones of treatment-naïve and cisplatin-tolerant persister HGSOC cells.

The ethical challenges of diversifying genomic data: A qualitative evidence synthesis.

This article aims to explore the ethical issues arising from attempts to diversify genomic data and include individuals from underserved groups in studies exploring the relationship between genomics and health. We employed a qualitative synthesis design, combining data from three sources: 1) a rapid review of empirical articles published between 2000 and 2022 with a primary or secondary focus on diversifying genomic data, or the inclusion of underserved groups and ethical issues arising from this, 2) an expert workshop and 3) a narrative review. Using these three sources we found that ethical issues are interconnected across structural factors and research practices.

Antimicrobial cetylpyridinium chloride causes functional inhibition of mitochondria as potently as canonical mitotoxicants, nanostructural disruption of mitochondria, and mitochondrial Ca efflux in living rodent and primary human cells.

People are exposed to high concentrations of antibacterial agent cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) via food and personal care products, despite little published information regarding CPC effects on eukaryotes. Here, we show that low-micromolar CPC exposure, which does not cause cell death, inhibits mitochondrial ATP production in primary human keratinocytes, mouse NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, and rat RBL-2H3 immune mast cells. ATP inhibition via CPC (EC 1.

Influence of different conjugation methods for activating antibodies on polymeric nanoparticles: Effects for polyclonal expansion of human CD8+ T cells.

Particle-based systems have become a state-of-the-art method for in vitro expanding cytotoxic T cells by tailoring their surface with activating molecules. However, commonly used methods utilize facile carbodiimide chemistry leading to uncontrolled orientation of the immobilized antibodies on the particle surface that can lead to poor binding to target cells. To address this, selective coupling strategies utilizing regioselective chemical groups such as disulfide bridges offer a simple approach.

Understanding the public voices and researchers speaking into the 5G narrative.

The many different voices speaking into the current narrative surrounding the health effects of 5G technologies necessitate an exploration of the background of the various published author-spokespersons and their potential motives. This has been attempted recently by de Vocht and Albers. However, that opinion piece used a narrow investigative lens, resulting in an undermining of both the rationality of the concerned general public and the motives of specific researchers.

Does hormone therapy exacerbate other venous thromboembolism risk factors?

Objective: Postmenopausal symptoms in women at higher risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) due to comorbidities are often undertreated because of concerns that hormone therapy (HT) may increase VTE risk; however, it is unclear how much HT impacts risk of VTE when compared with other risk factors.

Methods: This is a case-control study in a commercial claims database from 2007 to 2019. Women aged 50 to 64 years (n = 223,949) were classified as cases if they had an International Classification of Diseases code indicating an acute VTE plus a filled prescription for an anticoagulant, placement of intravascular vena cava filter, or death within 30 days of diagnosis.

A versatile method for conjugating lipid nanoparticles on T cells through combination of click chemistry and metabolic glycoengineering.

Cell-mediated drug delivery by conjugating nanomedicine to the surface of living cells is a promising strategy for enhancing the efficacy of both drug delivery and cell therapy. It exploits the tissue homing properties of the specific cell types to overcome in vivo barriers and forms a drug depot by directly putting the therapeutic payload in target cells. An important concern of developing this system is the method to conjugate nanoparticles on cells.

Statin Use and the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Women Taking Hormone Therapy.

Importance: Although hormone therapy (HT) in perimenopausal women is associated with increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE), it is unclear to what extent statins may mitigate this HT-associated risk.

Objective: To estimate VTE risk in women aged 50 to 64 years taking HT with or without statins.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This nested case-control study analyzed data from a commercially insured claims database in the US.

Glowing gels and pipettes aplenty: how do commercial stock image banks portray genetic tests?

News stories and patient-facing material about genetic tests are often illustrated by images, but the content of such images and the messages they propagate are rarely scrutinised. Stock image banks were searched to identify a hundred images relating to genetic tests and analysed using a multimodal critical discourse approach, aiming to identify what the images featured, how they were composed, and what they communicated about genetic testing. We found that images tended to focus on technical aspects of sample processing (for example, pipetting) and drew on older technologies (for example slab gel electrophoresis) when representing data arising from genetic tests.