Long-term blood pressure changes in renal homotransplantation.

Long-term blood pressure changes were studied in 50 patients who had undergone renal homotransplantation. Excluded were those subjects with arterial stenosis of the transplanted kidney, acute or rapidly progressive rejection, or recurrent glomerulonephritis, as well as those retaining their own diseased kidney(s). The blood pressure after the end of the first year was stable and, therefore, was utilized as the reference blood pressure for this study.

Renovascular hypertension. Relationship between hepatic blood flow and plasma renin activity.

Hepatic blood flow and peripheral plasma renin activity were determined in 15 true renovascular hypertensive patients and in 13 patients with essential hypertension. In the renovascular hypertensives, plasma renin activity and hepatic blood flow were negatively correlated ( p less than 0.01).

Pindolol availability in hypertensive patients with normal and impaired renal function.

Intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics of pinlolol were studied in 18 hypertensive patients-9 with normal renal function and 9 with impaired renal function. Analysis of data showed that a linear two-compartment model was suitable to describe the pindolol kinetics. Compared with patients with normal renal function, patients with chronic renal failure exhibited: (1) unchanged transfer rate constants and distribution volumes and (2) decreased total body clearance with decreased renal clearance and unchanged nonrenal clearance.

Pharmacokinetics and hepatic extraction ratio of pindolol in hypertensive patients with normal and impaired renal function.

The intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics and the hepatic extraction ratio of pindolol were determined in 24 hypertensive patients with normal or impaired renal function. In patients with normal renal function, the total clearance was the sum of equal parts of the renal and nonrenal clearances. The nonrenal clearance was found to be equal to the hepatic clearance directly measured from the hepatic extraction ratio.

Relationship of plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels with hemodynamic functions in essential hypertension.

Correlates of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone levels with hemodynamic functions were studied in 47 male patients with untreated, permanent essential hypertension. All subjects had a normal creatinine clearance and received a diet of 110 mEq/day of sodium. Supine plasma renin activity was directly correlated with cardiac index (P less than.

Effect of certain antiadrenergic agents on systolic time intervals in essential hypertension.

Systolic time intervals, including preejection period (PEP) and left ventricular ejection time (LVET), were studied in patients with permanent essential hypertension before and after intra-venous administration of propranolol 0.2 mg/kg (11 patients), clonidine 0.002 mg/kg (10 patients) and methyldopa 2 mg/kg (12 patients).

Baroreflex sensitivity and cardiopulmonary blood volume in normotensive and hypertensive patients.

Baroreflex sensitivity and cardiopulmonary blood volume were determined in 95 men, including normotensive and hypertensive subjects with normal renal function and balanced sodium intake and urinary output. Baroreflex sensitivity was estimated by determining the slope of the regression line relating the increase of systolic pressure to the cardiac slowing after transient rises of arterial pressure. A technique of gradual atropinisation was used to evaluate the parasympathetic mediated component of the reflex.

[Problems in practical management of essential hypertension].

A study of 100 men with arterial hypertension showed that: 1) hypertension was predominantly moderate with 14% index of placebo reactivity; 2) only 3 patients had a surgically curable etiologic factor; 3) frequent associated findings were hereditary factors (60%), overweight and metabolic disorders (30 to 40%). Such results suggest that: a) hypertension could be treated, in the majority of patients, without preliminary etiologic investigations and, b) non invasive hemodynamics techniques are required to evaluate arterial and cardiac lesions which are the dominant factors in the prognosis.

[The relation between anti-hypertensive action and plasmatic concentration of pindolol. Preliminary study].

A correlation study between the antihypertensive effect and the plasma level of pindolol was performed in 10 patients with permanent essential hypertension. Pindolol was given orally (20 mg/day) during 9 days. The highly significant fall in blood pressure (delta SBP and delta DBP) is directly correlated negatively correlated, to the pretreatment pressure (p less than 0.

Volume-dependent parameters in essential hypertension.

Blood pressure, renal blood flow, total blood volume (TBV), plasma renin activity, and vascular reactivities to angiotensin and norepinephrine were studied in 48 normotensive subjects and 106 essential, sustained, hypertensive patients with normal renal function, balanced sodium intake, and urinary output. A significant negative pressure-volume relationship was observed in normal subjects. Among the hypertensive patients, some were inside the 95% confidence limits of the normal curve and the others were above, indicating a disturbance in the pressure-volume relationship.

Central hemodynamics and cardiac output control in essential hypertensive patients.

Central hemodynamics were determined in 202 men including 101 normotensive and 101 permanent essential hypertensive patients of the same age. Cardiac output was identical in the two groups while blood pressure and total peripheral resistance were significantly different. Strong differences between the two groups are revealed by a systematic correlation study: (i) correlations of blood pressure (with respectively heart rate and total blood volume) were significant in the normotensive group but not in the hypertensive group; (ii) correlations of cardiac output (with respectively heart rate and total blood volume) were significant in both groups; (iii) correlations of renal blood flow (with respectively cardiac output and blood pressure) were significant in the hypertensive group but not in the normo tensive group.

Renovascular hypertension: the role of nonspecific factors in the antihypertensive effect of surgery.

Effective surgical treatment was carried out in 67 patients who were selected from a population of 336 subjects with renovascular hypertension. Split renal function studies and estimation of plasma renin activity in both renal veins were made to demonstrate the functional significance of the stenosis. The degree of disturbance of these tests did not correlate with the preoperative blood pressure level.

[Labile arterial hypertension and sympathetic tonus. Hemodynamic study].

Cardiac output, cardiopulmonary (CPBV) and total (TBV) blood volumes, vascular reactivity to norepinephrine and dopamine B hydroxylase (DBH) were determined in 41 borderline hypertensives patients in comparison with 28 normal subjects. Cardiac output (P less than 0.001) and CPBV/TBV ratio (P less than 0.

[A new approach of the hemodynamics of human essential hypertension. Study of the control of cardiac output].

The smoothing technique is used in this part II to study the cardiac output control in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. It is proved that: 1. cardiac frequency and total blood volume are both determinants of cardiac output in the normotensives; 2.

[New approach to the hemodynamics of human essential hypertension. Study of mean values].

A method of data analysis is proposed. Applied to the essential human hypertension study, the method put into evidence broken points in the evolution of certain hemodynamic parameters. These results could not be obtained by classical statistical analysis.

Radioimmunoassay of prostaglandins A and B in human blood.

A highly sensitive radioimmunoassay for the measurement of plasma prostaglandins A and B, expressed in equivalents of PGA1, is described. This method was used for the measurement of prostaglandins A and B (PGA/B) in 23 healthy volunteers and 25 hypertensive patients. The PGA/B concentration in peripheral venous plasma of 23 healthy normotensive subjects is 115 +/- 15 pg/ml.

Control of cardiac output in essential hypertension.

Cardiac and renal hemodynamics and cardiopulmonary and total blood volume were determined in 202 men, 101 with normotension and 101 of the same age with chronic essential hypertension, normal renal function and balanced sodium intake and urinary output. Cardiac output was identical in the two groups, whereas blood pressure and total peripheral resistance were significantly different. The two groups exhibited strong differences in the correlation study: (1) Correlations of blood pressure with, respectively, heart rate, cardiopulmonary blood volume and total blood volume were significant in the normotensive group but not in the hypertensive group.

The spectrum of pressor-response to norepinephrine in normotensive and hypertensive patients.

The pressor-response to norepinephrine was determined in the whole body circulation of 15 normal subjects and 86 untreated essential hypertensive patients. The slope, the threshold-dose and the critical-dose were calculated from the log dose-response curve. In the overall population (101 subjects) a slight correlation (r = +0.