Australian Attitudes Towards Waivers of Consent Within the Context of Genomic Data Sharing.

This research identifies the circumstances in which Human Research Ethics Committees (HRECs) are trusted by Australians to approve the use of genomic data - without express consent - and considers the impact of genomic data sharing settings, and respondent attributes, on public trust. Survey results ( = 3013) show some circumstances are more conducive to public trust than others, with waivers endorsed when future research is beneficial and when privacy is protected, but receiving less support in other instances. Still, results imply attitudes are influenced by more than these specific circumstances, with different data sharing settings, and participant attributes, affecting views.

A community health worker led diabetes self-management education program: Reducing patient and system burden.

Aims: Conduct a secondary analysis of the TIME (Telehealth-supported, Integrated Community Health Workers (CHWs), Medication access, diabetes Education) made simple trial (SIMPLE) to evaluate healthcare utilization and explore variables that may have influenced HbA1c.

Methods: Participants (N = 134 [67/group]) were low-income, uninsured Hispanics with or at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. We included in-person and telehealth clinician visits, other visits, missed visits, orders placed, and guideline-adherence (e.

Increased IgD and CD27 Double Negative (DN) B cell population in pediatric onset autoimmune hepatitis.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic, inflammatory liver disease of unknown aetiology which requires lifelong immunosuppression. Most therapeutic and outcome studies of AIH have been conducted predominantly in Caucasian (European Ancestry, EA) cohorts, with the exclusion of African American (AA) patients due to inadequate sample size. It is known that AA patients have a severe phenotype of autoimmune diseases and demonstrate a poor response to conventional medical therapy.

Addressing Training Gaps: A Competency-Based, Telehealth Training Initiative for Community Health Workers.

Background: To overcome vast variations in Community Health Worker (CHW) training, investigators for the CHW Core Consensus Project (CCCP) derived three types of CHW (Category 1, 2, 3) and established competencies for each category. However, studies are needed that implement these competencies in real-world settings.

Objective: Using the six competency domains of the CCCP as a theoretical backbone, we developed and evaluated a training for CHWs, individuals whose focus is on community outreach and advocacy.

Context matters in genomic data sharing: a qualitative investigation into responses from the Australian public.

Background: Understanding public attitudes to genomic data sharing is widely seen as key in shaping effective governance. However, empirical research in this area often fails to capture the contextual nuances of diverse sharing practices and regulatory concerns encountered in real-world genomic data sharing. This study aimed to investigate factors affecting public attitudes to data sharing through responses to diverse genomic data sharing scenarios.

T-cell counts in response to acute cardiorespiratory or resistance exercise in physically active or physically inactive older adults: a randomized crossover study.

T cells often undergo age-related changes, which may be offset by regular exercise training. However, the majority of literature is derived from cardiorespiratory exercise studies. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute cardiorespiratory exercise and acute resistance exercise on the T-cell response among physically active (PA) older adults compared with physically inactive (PI) older adults.

Physical activity during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is linked to better mood and emotion.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic may negatively impact mood and emotion. Physical activity may protect against mood disturbance and promote positive affect. This study asked if physical activity before, during, or the change in physical activity with the pandemic, impacted affect and mood during the pandemic.

Is social-ecological risk associated with individual HIV risk beliefs and behaviours?: An analysis of Kenyan adolescents' local communities and activity spaces.

The places where adolescents live, learn, and play are thought to influence behaviours and health, but we have limited tools for measuring environmental risk on a hyperlocal (e.g. neighbourhood) level.

Marine soundscape variation reveals insights into baleen whales and their environment: a case study in central New Zealand.

Baleen whales reliably produce stereotyped vocalizations, enabling their spatio-temporal distributions to be inferred from acoustic detections. Soundscape analysis provides an integrated approach whereby vocal species, such as baleen whales, are sampled holistically with other acoustic contributors to their environment. Acoustic elements that occur concurrently in space, time and/or frequency can indicate overlaps between free-ranging species and potential stressors.

Metabolism, excretion, and pharmacokinetics of [C]mirogabalin, a novel αδ ligand, in healthy volunteers following oral administration.

The metabolism, excretion, and pharmacokinetics of mirogabalin were investigated following a single oral administration of [C]mirogabalin at 30 mg/5.55 MBq to six healthy male subjects.The mean recovery values of radioactivity in urine and faeces were 96.

Deep-diving beaked whales dive together but forage apart.

Echolocating animals that forage in social groups can potentially benefit from eavesdropping on other group members, cooperative foraging or social defence, but may also face problems of acoustic interference and intra-group competition for prey. Here, we investigate these potential trade-offs of sociality for extreme deep-diving Blainville's and Cuvier's beaked whales. These species perform highly synchronous group dives as a presumed predator-avoidance behaviour, but the benefits and costs of this on foraging have not been investigated.

Migratory insights from singing humpback whales recorded around central New Zealand.

The migration routes of wide-ranging species can be difficult to study, particularly at sea. In the western South Pacific, migratory routes of humpback whales between breeding and feeding areas are unclear. Male humpback whales sing a population-specific song, which can be used to match singers on migration to a breeding population.

Determining the Relationship Between Altmetric Score and Literature Citations in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Literature.

Purpose: We explored whether Altmetric scores (London, UK) correlate with traditional bibliometrics in the oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) literature.

Materials And Methods: This study analyzed the 7 OMS journals with the highest impact factors (IFs) and the 20 most-cited articles within those journals from 2013 and 2016. Citations, Altmetric scores, and media "mentions" were studied.

Safety and Pharmacokinetics of DS-1040 Drug-Drug Interactions With Aspirin, Clopidogrel, and Enoxaparin.

DS-1040, a novel low-molecular-weight inhibitor of activated thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor, is under development for the treatment of thromboembolic diseases including venous thromboembolism and acute ischemic stroke. Here we describe the results of 3 studies that evaluated the safety and tolerability of DS-1040 along with the effect on DS-1040 pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, when dosed alone or when coadministered with aspirin (NCT02071004), clopidogrel (NCT02560688), or enoxaparin in healthy subjects. Concomitant administration of single-dose DS-1040 with multiple-dose aspirin, multiple-dose clopidogrel, or single-dose enoxaparin, consistent with clinically relevant dose regimens, was safe and well tolerated with no serious treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), TEAEs leading to discontinuation, bleeding-related TEAEs, and no significant changes in coagulation parameters.

Factors Associated With Low and High Article Citations in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Literature.

Purpose: We assessed the factors in reported oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) studies associated with the number of citations.

Materials And Methods: We identified all primary research studies reported from 1998 to 2008 in the International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Journal of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery (JOMS), British Journal of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery (BJOMS), and Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery. Of the identified studies, 66 had obtained only 0 to 3 citations in the 10 years after publication.

Analyzing the relationship between Altmetric score and literature citations in the Implantology literature.

Background: The influence of research has long been studied using citations and impact factors (IFs). Electronic media is changing how people interact with the scientific literature. There are few investigations into these trends.

Effect of DS-8500a, a Novel G Protein-Coupled Receptor 119 Agonist, on the Pharmacokinetics of Rosuvastatin and Atorvastatin in Healthy Subjects.

Background: Non-clinical study data suggest that DS-8500a, a G protein-coupled receptor 119 agonist, exhibits antidiabetic activity, inhibition of some transporters and induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A. Statins are substrates for some transporters and CYP3A that may be coadministered with DS-8500a in clinical practice.

Objective: To determine the potential effects of DS-8500a on the pharmacokinetics of statins, we evaluated the effects of repeated oral administration of DS-8500a 75 mg on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin in healthy adults.

First-in-Human Study to Assess the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of an Oral Formulation of DS-1040, an Inhibitor of the Activated Form of Thrombin-Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor, in Healthy Subjects.

DS-1040, a low-molecular-weight imidazole derivative, inhibits the enzymatic activity of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFIa), enhancing endogenous tissue plasminogen activator-triggered fibrinolysis. This first-in-human, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 1 study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of an oral formulation of DS-1040. Healthy adults (aged 20-45 years; N = 56) were randomized 3:1 to receive DS-1040 orally administered as single ascending doses (50, 100, 200, or 400 mg) or placebo, or DS-1040 multiple ascending doses (100 mg once daily, 200 mg once daily, or 150 mg twice daily) or placebo for 14 days.

Abuse potential of mirogabalin in recreational polydrug users.

Mirogabalin is a selective calcium channel αδ subunit ligand being developed to treat neuropathic pain. In accordance with US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance, the human abuse potential of mirogabalin (15-105 mg) was examined, relative to placebo, diazepam (15 or 30 mg), and pregabalin (200 or 450 mg), in two single-dose, randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled crossover studies in recreational polydrug users who could discern between positive comparator and placebo. The primary endpoint was maximum observed effect ( ) for Drug Liking Visual Analog Scale.

A suite of automated tools to quantify hand and wrist motor function after cervical spinal cord injury.

Background: Cervical spinal cord injury (cSCI) often causes chronic upper extremity disability. Reliable measurement of arm function is critical for development of therapies to improve recovery after cSCI. In this study, we report a suite of automated rehabilitative tools to allow simple, quantitative assessment of hand and wrist motor function.

Open-Label Single-Dose Study to Assess the Effect of Mild and Moderate Hepatic Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of Mirogabalin.

Background And Objectives: Mirogabalin is an αδ ligand being developed to treat neuropathic pain. A small fraction of mirogabalin is metabolized by the liver, where hepatic impairment may affect exposure. The objective of this phase I, open-label single-dose study was to determine if mild or moderate hepatic impairment alters the pharmacokinetics of mirogabalin.

Tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of mirogabalin in healthy subjects: Results from phase 1 studies.

Three phase 1 pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamics (PD) studies were conducted in healthy men and women to further characterize the safety, tolerability, and PK/PD of mirogabalin administration with or without food and to guide the dose selection and regimen for phase 2 and 3 clinical development. The 3 studies included 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single- and multiple-ascending-dose studies, and 1 open-label, crossover study to evaluate the PK of mirogabalin administered under fasting and fed (high-fat meal) conditions. Forty-eight and 47 healthy volunteers completed the single- and multiple-dose studies, respectively.