Microbial life in slow and stopped lanes.

Microbes in nature often lack nutrients and face extreme or widely fluctuating temperatures, unlike microbes in growth-optimized settings in laboratories that much of the literature examines. Slowed or suspended lives are the norm for microbes. Studying them is important for understanding the consequences of climate change and for addressing fundamental questions about life: are there limits to how slowly a cell's life can progress, and how long cells can remain viable without self-replicating? Recent studies began addressing these questions with single-cell-level measurements and mathematical models.

Remote sensing evidence for population growth of isolated indigenous societies in Amazonia.

Isolated indigenous societies who actively avoid sustained peaceful contact with the outside world are critically endangered. Last year, "Tanaru", the lone surviving man of his tribe for at least 35 years, died in Southwest Amazonia, marking the latest cultural extinction event in a long history of massacres, enslavement, and epidemics. Yet in the upper reaches of the Amazon Basin, dozens of resilient isolated tribes still manage to survive.

PHYSIO+++: protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial assessing the feasibility of physiotherapist-led non-invasive ventilation for patients with hypoxaemia following abdominal surgery.

Introduction: Few clinical trials have investigated physiotherapy interventions to treat hypoxaemia following abdominal surgery. The objective of this study is to determine the feasibility and safety of conducting a clinical trial of physiotherapist-led non-invasive ventilation (NIV).

Methods And Analysis: This single-centre, 50-patient, parallel-group, assessor blinded, pilot feasibility randomised controlled trial with concealed allocation will enrol spontaneously ventilating adults with hypoxaemia within 72 hours of major abdominal surgery.

Neuroacanthocytosis Syndromes: The Clinical Perspective.

The two very rare neurodegenerative diseases historically known as the "neuroacanthocytosis syndromes" are due to mutations of either or These are phenotypically similar disorders that affect primarily the basal ganglia and hence result in involuntary abnormal movements as well as neuropsychiatric and cognitive alterations. There are other shared features such as abnormalities of red cell membranes which result in acanthocytes, whose relationship to neurodegeneration is not yet known. Recent insights into the functions of these two proteins suggest dysfunction of lipid processing and trafficking at the subcellular level and may provide a mechanism for neuronal dysfunction and death, and potentially a target for therapeutic interventions.

Coupling Machine Learning Models with Innovative Technology-based Screening Tool for Identifying Psychological Distress among Aboriginal Perinatal Mothers.

Aboriginal perinatal mothers are at a significant risk of experiencing mental health problems, which can have profound negative impacts, despite their overall resilience. This work aimed to build prediction models for identifying high psychological distress among Aboriginal perinatal mothers by coupling machine learning models with an innovative and culturally-safe screening tool. The original dataset of 179 Aboriginal mothers with 337 variables was obtained from twelve perinatal health settings at Perth metropolitan and regional centers in Western Australia between July and September 2022, using a specifically designed web-based rubric for the perinatal mental health assessment.

The Rac-GEF Tiam1 controls integrin-dependent neutrophil responses.

Rac GTPases are required for neutrophil adhesion and migration, and for the neutrophil effector responses that kill pathogens. These Rac-dependent functions are impaired when neutrophils lack the activators of Rac, Rac-GEFs from the Prex, Vav, and Dock families. In this study, we demonstrate that Tiam1 is also expressed in neutrophils, governing focal complexes, actin cytoskeletal dynamics, polarisation, and migration, in a manner depending on the integrin ligand to which the cells adhere.

Genetic risk variants in New Yorkers of Puerto Rican and Dominican Republic heritage with Parkinson's disease.

There is a paucity of genetic characterization in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) of Latino and Afro-Caribbean descent. Screening LRRK2 and GBA variants in 32 New Yorkers of Puerto Rican ethnicity with PD and in 119 non-Hispanic-non-Jewish European PD cases revealed that Puerto Rican participants were more likely to harbor the LRRK2-p.G2019S variant (15.

Reconciling patterns of long-term topographic growth with coseismic uplift by synchronous duplex thrusting.

How long-term changes in surface topography relate to coseismic uplift is key to understanding the creation of high elevations along active mountain fronts, and remains hotly debated. Here we investigate this link by modeling the development of growth strata and the folding of river terraces above the Pishan duplex system in the southern Tarim Basin. We show that synchronous duplex thrusting of two neighboring faults with varying slip rates, associated with in-sequence propagation of the Pishan thrust system, is required to explain the presence of opposite-dipping panels of growth strata on the duplex front, and basinward migration of terrace fold crests.

Through the Eyes: A Case of Ocular Syphilis.

Syphilis is a bacterial disease caused by Treponema pallidum and is sexually transmitted via vaginal, anogenital, or orogenital contact. Vertical transmission between mother and unborn child is also possible, but transmission via skin-to-skin or blood contact is rare. The objective of this case is to highlight this rare ocular manifestation of syphilis as it manifests as a multisystemic disease affecting many organ systems.

Risk factors predicting hospital-acquired pressure injury in adult patients: An overview of reviews.

Background: Hospital-acquired pressure injuries remain a significant patient safety threat. Current well-known pressure injury risk assessment tools have many limitations and therefore do not accurately predict the risk of pressure injury development over diverse populations. A contemporary understanding of the risk factors predicting pressure injury in adult hospitalised patients will inform pressure injury prevention and future researchers considering risk assessment tool development may benefit from our summary and synthesis of risk factors.

Polygenic profiles define aspects of clinical heterogeneity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex disorder that manifests variability in long-term outcomes and clinical presentations. The genetic contributions to such heterogeneity are not well understood. Here we show several genetic links to clinical heterogeneity in ADHD in a case-only study of 14,084 diagnosed individuals.

The 2022 Vaccines Against Shigella and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VASE) Conference: Summary of breakout workshops.

The global public health nonprofit organization PATH hosted the third Vaccines Against Shigella and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VASE) Conference in Washington, DC, from November 29 to December 1, 2022. This international gathering focused on cutting-edge research related to the development of vaccines against neglected diarrheal pathogens including Shigella, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Campylobacter, and non-typhoidal Salmonella. In addition to the conference's plenary content, the agenda featured ten breakout workshops on topics of importance to the enteric vaccine field.

Latent Profile Analysis Predicting Recidivism Among Women Who Have Sexually Offended.

The few existing typology studies on women who have sexually offended (WWSO) have largely been limited by small sample sizes, have not included scale scores from risk assessments, or used recidivism within their typology (instead of using typologies to predict recidivism). In our sample of 241 WWSO, we conducted a latent profile analysis and observed four, distinct profiles: "low-risk WWSO," characterized by fewer criminal history incidents and lower risk-assessment scores; "problem-endorsing WWSO," with higher probability of endorsing various life problems such as educational/employment and emotional/personal issues; "antisocial WWSO" with more criminal history incidents, alcohol/drug problems, and higher scores on psychopathy; and "combined WWSO" with characteristics of both the problem-endorsing and antisocial profiles. This last profile showed elevations in general and/or violent recidivism risk, but relatively low recidivism.

The 2022 Vaccines Against Shigella and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VASE) Conference: Summary of abstract-based presentations.

The global nonprofit organization PATH hosted the third Vaccines Against Shigella and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VASE) Conference in Washington, DC, on November 29 to December 1, 2022. With a combination of plenary sessions and posters, keynote presentations, and breakout workshops, the 2022 VASE Conference featured key updates on research related to the development of vaccines against neglected diarrheal pathogens including Shigella, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Campylobacter, and Salmonella. The presentations and discussions highlighted the significant impact of these diarrheal pathogens, particularly on the health of infants and young children in low- and middle-income countries, reflecting the urgent need for the development and licensure of new enteric vaccines.

Parallel laboratory evolution and rational debugging reveal genomic plasticity to synthetic chromosome XIV defects.

Synthetic chromosome engineering is a complex process due to the need to identify and repair growth defects and deal with combinatorial gene essentiality when rearranging chromosomes. To alleviate these issues, we have demonstrated novel approaches for repairing and rearranging synthetic genomes. We have designed, constructed, and restored wild-type fitness to a synthetic 753,096-bp version of chromosome XIV as part of the Synthetic Yeast Genome project.

Synthetic yeast chromosome XI design provides a testbed for the study of extrachromosomal circular DNA dynamics.

We describe construction of the synthetic yeast chromosome XI () and reveal the effects of redesign at non-coding DNA elements. The 660-kb synthetic yeast genome project (Sc2.0) chromosome was assembled from synthesized DNA fragments before CRISPR-based methods were used in a process of bug discovery, redesign, and chromosome repair, including precise compaction of 200 kb of repeat sequence.

Single-cell transcriptomic and neuropathologic analysis reveals dysregulation of the integrated stress response in progressive supranuclear palsy.

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a sporadic neurodegenerative tauopathy variably affecting brainstem and cortical structures and characterized by tau inclusions in neurons and glia. The precise mechanism whereby these protein aggregates lead to cell death remains unclear. To investigate the contribution of these different cellular abnormalities to PSP pathogenesis, we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing and analyzed 45,559 high quality nuclei targeting the subthalamic nucleus and adjacent structures from human post-mortem PSP brains with varying degrees of pathology compared to controls.

Gait retraining to reduce falls: an experimental study toward scalable and personalised use in the home.

Background: Age-related neurological conditions can result in poor mobility typified by gait abnormalities and falls, increasing risk of frailty and lowering quality of life. In the UK, the expense and inaccessibility of services to improve mobility through gait training (eg, auditory cueing) is a public health issue. Contemporary and scalable pervasive technologies for widespread public use could provide an affordable and accessible solution.

Better informing everyday fall risk assessment: experimental studies with contemporary technologies.

Background: Age-related mobility issues and frailty are a major public health concern because of an increased risk of falls. Subjective assessment of fall risk in the clinic is limited, failing to account for an individual's habitual activities in the home or community. Equally, objective mobility trackers for use in the home and community lack extrinsic (ie, environmental) data capture to comprehensively inform fall risk.

Current practice for the chemical immobilisation of non-domestic feline species: An online survey study.

Background: Safe chemical immobilisation of wild felids is essential for both conservational management and clinical purposes. However, little is known about drug protocols and current practice.

Methods: This study was designed as an online survey based on a questionnaire.

Intimate partner violence and antenatal care utilization predictors in Uganda: an analysis applying Andersen's behavioral model of healthcare utilization.

Background: Optimal utilization of antenatal care (ANC) services improves positive pregnancy experiences and birth outcomes. However, paucity of evidence exists on which factors should be targeted to increase ANC utilization among women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) in Uganda.

Objective: To determine the independent association between IPV exposure and ANC utilization as well as the predictors of ANC utilization informed by Andersen's Behavioral Model of Healthcare Utilization.

Observation of Single-Top-Quark Production in Association with a Photon Using the ATLAS Detector.

This Letter reports the observation of single top quarks produced together with a photon, which directly probes the electroweak coupling of the top quark. The analysis uses 139  fb^{-1} of 13 TeV proton-proton collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Requiring a photon with transverse momentum larger than 20 GeV and within the detector acceptance, the fiducial cross section is measured to be 688±23(stat) _{-71}^{+75}(syst)  fb, to be compared with the standard model prediction of 515_{-42}^{+36}  fb at next-to-leading order in QCD.