Route of drug administration in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A protocol for a randomised controlled trial (PARAMEDIC-3).

Aims: The PARAMEDIC-3 trial evaluates the clinical and cost-effectiveness of an intraosseous first strategy, compared with an intravenous first strategy, for drug administration in adults who have sustained an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Methods: PARAMEDIC-3 is a pragmatic, allocation concealed, open-label, multi-centre, superiority randomised controlled trial. It will recruit 15,000 patients across English and Welsh ambulance services.

Structural Information on Supramolecular Copper(II) β-Diketonate Complexes from Atomic Force Microscopy and Analytical Ultracentrifugation.

Supramolecular Cu(II) complexes were prepared from two trifunctional β-diketone ligands. The ligands (CHSi(phacH) and CHSi(phprH), represented by LH) contain three aryl-β-diketone moieties joined by an organosilicon group. The complexes have the empirical formula CuL, as expected for combinations of Cu and L.

Monitoring training, performance, biomarkers, and psychological state throughout a competitive season: a case study of a triathlete.

Introduction: Ironman triathletes undergo high workloads during competition preparation which can result in nonfunctional overreaching or overtraining syndrome if not matched with adequate recovery.

Purpose: The purpose of this case study was to observe changes in physiological and psychological status over the course of a competitive season in a free-living triathlete.

Methods: The subject was a 41-year-old triathlete competing in three 113.

Top-down control of flight by a non-canonical cortico-amygdala pathway.

Survival requires the selection of appropriate behaviour in response to threats, and dysregulated defensive reactions are associated with psychiatric illnesses such as post-traumatic stress and panic disorder. Threat-induced behaviours, including freezing and flight, are controlled by neuronal circuits in the central amygdala (CeA); however, the source of neuronal excitation of the CeA that contributes to high-intensity defensive responses is unknown. Here we used a combination of neuroanatomical mapping, in vivo calcium imaging, functional manipulations and electrophysiology to characterize a previously unknown projection from the dorsal peduncular (DP) prefrontal cortex to the CeA.

Instability of the HLA-E peptidome of HIV presents a major barrier to therapeutic targeting.

Naturally occurring T cells that recognize microbial peptides via HLA-E, a nonpolymorphic HLA class Ib molecule, could provide the foundation for new universal immunotherapeutics. However, confidence in the biological relevance of putative ligands is crucial, given that the mechanisms by which pathogen-derived peptides can access the HLA-E presentation pathway are poorly understood. We systematically interrogated the HIV proteome using immunopeptidomic and bioinformatic approaches, coupled with biochemical and cellular assays.

Impact of arterial stiffness on cerebrovascular function: a review of evidence from humans and preclincal models.

With advancing age, the cerebral vasculature becomes dysfunctional, and this dysfunction is associated with cognitive decline. However, the initiating cause of these age-related cerebrovascular impairments remains incompletely understood. A characteristic feature of the aging vasculature is the increase in stiffness of the large elastic arteries.

Epidemiology and microbiology of recurrent UTI in women in the community in Oxfordshire, UK.

Background: Recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) contributes to significant morbidity and antibiotic usage.

Objectives: To characterize the age of women experiencing rUTI, the microbiology of rUTIs, and the risk of further rUTIs in Oxfordshire, UK.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analysed de-identified linked microbiology and hospital admissions data (Infections in Oxfordshire Research Database), between 2008 and 2019, including positive urine cultures from women aged ≥16 years in community settings.

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) As the Initial Presentation in a Patient With a New Diagnosis of HIV.

A woman in her 40s presented to the emergency department with a diffuse rash consistent with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). There was no identifiable inciting factor. However, she was newly diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during that same hospital admission.

Human growth factor-mediated signalling through lipid rafts regulates stem cell proliferation, development and survival of .

Although the mechanisms by which schistosomes grow and develop in humans are poorly defined, their unique outer tegument layer, which interfaces with host blood, is considered vital to homeostasis of the parasite. Here, we investigated the importance of tegument lipid rafts to the biology of in the context of host-parasite interactions. We demonstrate the temporal clustering of lipid rafts in response to human epidermal growth factor (EGF) during early somule development, concomitant with the localization of anteriorly orientated EGF receptors (EGFRs) and insulin receptors, mapped using fluorescent EGF/insulin ligand.

Predicting fungal secondary metabolite activity from biosynthetic gene cluster data using machine learning.

Fungal secondary metabolites (SMs) contribute to the diversity of fungal ecological communities, niches, and lifestyles. Many fungal SMs have one or more medically and industrially important activities (e.g.

Developmental basis of SHH medulloblastoma heterogeneity.

Many genes that drive normal cellular development also contribute to oncogenesis. Medulloblastoma (MB) tumors likely arise from neuronal progenitors in the cerebellum, and we hypothesized that the heterogeneity observed in MBs with sonic hedgehog (SHH) activation could be due to differences in developmental pathways. To investigate this question, here we perform single-nucleus RNA sequencing on highly differentiated SHH MBs with extensively nodular histology and observed malignant cells resembling each stage of canonical granule neuron development.

High concordance of blood glucose measurement in cats between a beta prototype glucometer device and a reference laboratory standard in a clinical setting.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a beta prototype version of a new portable blood glucose meter in feline patients.

Animals: 60 client-owned cats.

Methods: In this prospective study, 3-mL blood samples were collected from each cat and analyzed in triplicate using a beta prototype device (AlphaTRAK 3 [AT3]) and by a reference lab standard immediately after collection.

Unraveling the interplay between root exudates, microbiota, and rhizosheath formation in pearl millet.

Background: The rhizosheath, a cohesive soil layer firmly adhering to plant roots, plays a vital role in facilitating water and mineral uptake. In pearl millet, rhizosheath formation is genetically controlled and influenced by root exudates. Here, we investigated the impact of root exudates on the microbiota composition, interactions, and assembly processes, and rhizosheath structure in pearl millet using four distinct lines with contrasting soil aggregation abilities.

Digital Phenotyping for Mood Disorders: Methodology-Oriented Pilot Feasibility Study.

Background: In the burgeoning area of clinical digital phenotyping research, there is a dearth of literature that details methodology, including the key challenges and dilemmas in developing and implementing a successful architecture for technological infrastructure, patient engagement, longitudinal study participation, and successful reporting and analysis of diverse passive and active digital data streams.

Objective: This article provides a narrative rationale for our study design in the context of the current evidence base and best practices, with an emphasis on our initial lessons learned from the implementation challenges and successes of this digital phenotyping study.

Methods: We describe the design and implementation approach for a digital phenotyping pilot feasibility study with attention to synthesizing key literature and the reasoning for pragmatic adaptations in implementing a multisite study encompassing distinct geographic and population settings.

Effects of dietary soy content on cerebral artery function and behavior in ovariectomized female mice.

As females age, they transition through menopause, experiencing a decrease in estrogen and an increase in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease risk. Most standard rodent chows contain phytoestrogen-rich soybean meal, which can mimic the effects of estrogen. Understanding the impact of this soybean meal on vascular outcomes is crucial to proper experimental design.

A workflow for the detection of antibiotic residues, measurement of water chemistry and preservation of hospital sink drain samples for metagenomic sequencing.

Background: Hospital sinks are environmental reservoirs that harbour healthcare-associated (HCA) pathogens. Selective pressures in sink environments, such as antibiotic residues, nutrient waste and hardness ions, may promote antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) exchange between bacteria. However, cheap and accurate sampling methods to characterize these factors are lacking.

Classifying and clustering mood disorder patients using smartphone data from a feasibility study.

Differentiating between bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder can be challenging for clinicians. The diagnostic process might benefit from new ways of monitoring the phenotypes of these disorders. Smartphone data might offer insight in this regard.

Development and validation of the Baseline Recurrence Risk in Cellulitis (BRRISC) score.

Objectives: Cellulitis is often treated with antibiotics for longer than recommended by guidelines. Prolonged therapy may reduce recurrence in certain patients, but it is not known which patients are at greatest risk. Our objective was to develop and temporally validate a risk prediction score to identify patients attending hospital with cellulitis at highest risk of recurrence.

Semiparametric Allocation of Subjects to Cohort Strata.

Background: We illustrate a method for stratum assignment in small cohort studies that avoids modeling assumptions.

Methods: Off-the-shelf software ( rgenoud ) made stratum assignments to minimize a loss function built on within-stratum and population-adjusted Euclidean distances.

Results: In 100 trials using simulated data of 300 records with a binary treatment and four dissimilar covariate treatment predictors, minimizing a loss based on Euclidean distance reduced covariate imbalance by a median of 99%.

Discordance between different bioinformatic methods for identifying resistance genes from short-read genomic data, with a focus on .

Several bioinformatics genotyping algorithms are now commonly used to characterize antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene profiles in whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data, with a view to understanding AMR epidemiology and developing resistance prediction workflows using WGS in clinical settings. Accurately evaluating AMR in Enterobacterales, particularly , is of major importance, because this is a common pathogen. However, robust comparisons of different genotyping approaches on relevant simulated and large real-life WGS datasets are lacking.

Healthy eating habits and a prudent dietary pattern improve Nanjing international students' health-related quality of life.

Purpose: Low-quality dietary practices, such as fast food consumption and skipping meals, deteriorate the quality of life. However, the available studies on diet and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) used matrices not specific to nutrition. Moreover, how diet affects the HRQoL of international students in China is unknown.