Improved radiolabeled monoclonal antibody uptake by lavage of intraperitoneal carcinomatosis in mice.

The effect of peritoneal lavage with saline on tumor and systemic uptake of intraperitoneally administered tumor-specific (131I-5G6.4) and nonspecific (125I-UPC-10) radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies was evaluated in a nude mouse model of human intraperitoneal ovarian carcinomatosis (IP3 model). Peritoneal lavage at 2 or 6 hr postintraperitoneal antibody injection significantly improves intraperitoneal tumor/nontumor uptake ratios of specific antibody apparently by limiting systemic exposure to antibody.

Lymphatic anatomy: functional nodal basins.

The understanding of human dermal lymphatic anatomy has rested for nearly 120 years on the original work of Sappey. Subsequently, others have added significantly to our knowledge with anatomic studies. Copious lymphoscintigraphical data have accumulated in recent years in the evaluation of cutaneous melanomas.

IgE-mediated allergic reactions to fruit gums and investigation of cross-reactivity between gelatine and modified gelatine-containing products.

A 32-year-old female reacted with a contact urticaria syndrome after eating 'gummy bears' (fruit gums). The reaction began in the oral mucosa and led to treatment on an inpatient basis. RAST measurements with allergen discs produced with gelatine and gelatine-containing products (among them 'gummy bears') demonstrated the presence of IgE antibodies in the serum of this patient.

Studies on the metabolic fate of 111In-labeled antibodies.

Indium-111-labeled antibodies, though providing superior photon flux to iodine-labeled antibodies, can exhibit high levels of accumulation in some non-target organs. In an effort to understand the nature of this non-target uptake we have evaluated the molecular weight of 111In species retained in several tissues by radio-FPLC (sizing chromatography) following injection of [111In]DTPA 5G6.4, a murine monoclonal antibody, into normal mice.

Investigation of the allergenic activity of isolated fractions of a standardized partly purified whole mite body (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) extract.

Twelve fractions of a molecular weight range of 1.35-670.00 kilodaltons (kD) were isolated from a biologically standardized partly purified whole mite body extract (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) by preparative size exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography.

[Hormone active versus hormone inactive parathyroid gland cancer].

Problems regarding diagnosis and treatment of hormonally active and hormonally inactive parathyroid carcinomas arise from opposite sides, as is shown in two resp. cases. In functionally active tumors parathyroid origin is clear--but how to prove malignancy in early tumor stages? In inactive tumors malignancy is sound--but how to prove their parathyroid origin? Meticulous histologic examination (semithin-Layer) and cytophotometric DNA-measurement may be helpful diagnostic tools for active tumors, immunohistochemistry and analysis of parathormone fragments in plasma and tumor-cell-culture for inactive tumors.

Double-blind, placebo-controlled immunotherapy with mixed grass-pollen allergoids. II. Comparison between parameters assessing the efficacy of immunotherapy.

Specific immunotherapy is effective in alleviating symptoms in grass pollen-induced rhinitis, but there are no clear data demonstrating a correlation between symptom-medication scores and objective parameters. Twenty-five patients taking part in a double-blind, placebo-controlled immunotherapy with mixed grass pollen-formalinized allergoids were studied. All patients had the same investigations.

[Reintervention in C-cell carcinoma].

Cervical re-exploration in persistent medullary thyroid cancer usually fails to normalize serum calcitonin levels, which is the most sensitive criterion of tumour-free status (2 out of 21 patients in our re-exploration series). Positive lymph nodes - even at an early tumour stage - seem much more important (postoperative normal serum calcitonin: 86% in the occult tumour group, 71% in patients with palpable primary tumour and negative lymph nodes, as opposed to only 18% with a palpable cervical mass and positive lymph nodes). However, local re-exploration in case of persistent medullary thyroid cancer seems to offer a possible curative chance for the control of recurrence, especially after inadequate primary surgery.

T-cell lymphomas containing Epstein-Barr viral DNA in patients with chronic Epstein-Barr virus infections.

Fatal T-cell lymphomas developed in three patients with a chronic illness manifested by fever, pneumonia, dysgammaglobulinemia, hematologic abnormalities, and extraordinarily high titers of antibody to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) capsid antigen (greater than 10,000) and early antigen (greater than 640) but low titers to the EBV nuclear antigen (less than or equal to 40). To understand the pathogenesis of these tumors better, we determined the immunophenotype of the tumor cells and analyzed tumor-cell DNA for EBV genomes and for lymphoid-cell gene rearrangements. More than 80 percent of the cells in tumors had an activated helper T-cell phenotype (T4, T11, la positive).

Dual-photon bone mineral density in the proximal femur: correlation by site.

Using 153Gd dualphoton absorptiometry, bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in three areas of the proximal femur-the femoral neck, Ward's triangle and the greater trochanter-in 129 females referred for possible osteoporosis. In addition, lumbar spine bone density was determined. Lumbar spine BMD was significantly greater than any regional proximal femoral BMD (p less than 0.

Radiolabeled antibodies, albumin and antimony sulfide colloid: a comparison as lymphoscintigraphic agents.

The kinetics of lymph node and systemic uptake of members of three different classes of lymphoscintigraphic agents were studied in normal laboratory rats. 99mTc antimony trisulfide colloid (TcSbC), 99mTc human serum albumin (TcHSA), 125I 5G6.4 (a murine IgG2ak monoclonal antibody), 125I 763.

The intraperitoneal delivery of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies: studies on the regional delivery advantage.

The i.p. delivery of murine monoclonal antibody was compared with i.

Improved radioimmunolocalization of human tumor xenografts following subcutaneous delivery of monoclonal antibodies.

The localization of a radiolabeled murine monoclonal antibody reactive with choriocarcinomas to human choriocarcinoma xenografts following intravenous and subcutaneous injection was evaluated by gamma scanning and tissue sampling. Tumor xenografts were established in the popliteal node region of athymic nude mice after repeated innoculations of the hind foot pads with BEWO choriocarcinoma cells. In dual label specific antibody studies, tumor/non tumor uptake ratios following subcutaneous (resulting in considerable intralymphatic uptake) injection of 131I-5F9.

Systemic perfusion: a method of enhancing relative tumor uptake of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies.

We evaluated the feasibility of systemic vascular perfusion with saline (mimicking plasmapheresis) as a method to enhance tumor-specific monoclonal antibody (MoAb) tumor/background ratios. Initially, groups of rats were injected intravenously (i.v.

Investigations of patients allergic to the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus by crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis using purified mite bodies and whole mite culture extracts.

Sera of 20 patients allergic to the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were investigated by crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) using extracts prepared from purified mite bodies (PMB) and whole mite culture (WMC). By CRIE, different allergen patterns and different numbers of allergens were detected in the two extracts. By summarizing the values of the CRIE patterns of the 20 patients' sera into allergograms, 6 out of 16 allergens in PMB and 5 out of 10 allergens in WMC extracts could be identified as major allergens.

Efficacy of chemoprophylaxis in preventing Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia and placental infection in pregnant women in Malawi.

73 pregnant women in Malawi were given weekly antimalarial chemoprophylaxis under observation and were monitored for Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia and placental infection. 3 of 19 women (16%) who were parasitaemic at the time they began chemoprophylaxis were infected with chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum.

Nerve growth factor (NGF) sensitizes human medullary thyroid carcinoma (hMTC) cells for cytostatic therapy in vitro.

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (hMTC) cells were established from nine patients with MTC disease to initiate a new approach of adjuvant medical therapy in these patients. We measured calcitonin (CT) secretion, DNA synthesis, and cell proliferation in vitro and their response to various substances. Nerve growth factor (NGF) (0.

Kinetics of interstitially administered monoclonal antibodies for purposes of lymphoscintigraphy.

The clearance rates of radiolabeled murine monoclonal intact IgG, F(ab')2 Fab and of an IgM following subcutaneous administration were evaluated in normal mice and rats using nuclear imaging and counting techniques. These studies suggest no significant difference in clearance rate exists between intact IgG and its F(ab')2 fragment, and little difference between these moieties and intact IgM. Fab is cleared considerably faster than the others, however.

SPECT imaging of myocarditis.

Gallium-67 citrate has been useful in providing scintigraphic evidence for pericarditis and myocarditis. However, the differentiation between pericardial and myocardial localization is difficult with planar images alone. SPECT can be valuable in making these distinctions, and a case of myocarditis is presented in which uptake of Gallium is shown to lie within the heart, correlating with the histologic proof.

Utility of lymphoscintigraphy in directing surgical therapy for melanomas of the head, neck, and upper thorax.

Lymphoscintigraphy with technetium99m antimony sulfur colloid or technetium99m human serum albumin helped direct the surgical management of 24 patients who had melanomas of the head, neck, and upper thorax. Eighteen (75%) patients had documented lymphatic flow to other than a single adjacent predictable lymph nodal group. Nineteen patients underwent lymphadenectomy.

Clostridial pyruvate oxidoreductase and the pyruvate-oxidizing enzyme specific to nitrogen fixation in Klebsiella pneumoniae are similar enzymes.

The chemical characterization, EPR properties, and mechanism of pyruvate:flavodoxin (ferredoxin) oxidoreductase from Klebsiella pneumoniae and Clostridium thermoaceticum have been investigated. A simple, specific, and sensitive assay and an efficient purification (based on the high affinity of these enzymes for a dye attached to agarose) are reported. The observed iron content of 8 atoms/subunit is twice that reported by others, whereas the contents of lipoate and flavin are less than 0.

A semi-automated fluorescent (SAF) assay using viable, whole cells for screening hybridoma supernatants.

In the production of monoclonal antibodies, a rapid, sensitive, accurate assay is needed for the critical step of screening. We report the modification of an assay using viable whole cells for screening hybridoma supernatants. The modified assay uses fluorescent second antibodies for detection and has been adapted to an instrument capable of automating a number of assay steps.