Evolutionary Scenarios for the Specific Recognition of Non-homologous Endogenous Peptides by G Protein-Coupled Receptor Paralogs.

Several peptides interact with phylogenetically unrelated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs); similarly, orthologous GPCRs interact with distinct ligands. The neuropeptide Substance P (SP) activates both NK1R and another unrelated primate-specific GPCR, MRGPRX2. Furthermore, MRGPRX 1, a paralog of MRGPRX2, recognizes BAM8-22, which has no evolutionary relatedness to SP.

Decoding Brain Development and Aging: Pioneering Insights From MRI Techniques.

The aging process induces a variety of changes in the brain detectable by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These changes include alterations in brain volume, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) white matter hyperintense lesions, and variations in tissue properties such as relaxivity, myelin, iron content, neurite density, and other microstructures. Each MRI technique offers unique insights into the structural and compositional changes occurring in the brain due to normal aging or neurodegenerative diseases.

Autistic trait severity in early schizophrenia: Role in subjective quality of life and social functioning.

Background: Cognitive impairment is a cardinal feature in patients with schizophrenia and leads to poor social functioning. Recently, the treatment of schizophrenia has evolved to include the goal of improving quality of life (QoL). However, most of the factors influencing subjective QoL are unknown.

[The Usefulness of MAG3 Diuretic Renography in the Evaluation of Stomal Obstruction after Cutaneous Ureterostomy].

Cutaneous ureterostomy (CU) is the most simple and safe method of all permanent urinary diversions, but is associated with a risk for stomal obstruction. It is important to appropriately manage hydronephrosis associated with CU. We evaluated the occurrence of stomal obstruction after CU by 99m Tcmercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) diuretic renography three months after surgery.

Decreased Water Diffusivity Along the Perivascular Space in Older Adults With Poor Sleep Quality.

This study included 52 Japanese older adults with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores > 5 and 52 healthy controls (HCs) with PSQI score ≤ 5. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and 3D T1-weighted imaging were acquired using 3T magnetic resonance imaging. The diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index was calculated using preprocessed DWI.

Enhancement of Image Quality in Low-Field Knee MR Imaging Using Deep Learning.

Purpose:  The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of deep learning (DL) techniques to enhance the image quality of low-field knee MR images, with the ultimate goal of approximating the standards of high-field knee MR imaging.

Methods: We analyzed knee MR images collected from 45 patients with knee disorders and six normal subjects using a 3T MR scanner and those collected from 25 patients with knee disorders using a 0.4T MR scanner.

Complete response using the inhibitor tazemetostat against multiple relapsed follicular lymphoma in the leukemic phase.

Though multiple relapses and serial shortening of remission is one of the characteristics of follicular lymphoma (FL), standard third- and later-line treatments with clear evidence have not yet been established. Tazemetostat, the first oral enhancer of zester homolog 2 ( inhibitor, showed a favorable clinical outcome and safety profile against relapsed mutant FL in a clinical trial and was applied to this clinical setting. Peripheral blood involvement, known as the leukemic phase, was observed in approximately 10% of patients with FL and reported as a poor prognostic factor.

Associations of Working From Home Frequency With Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Japanese White-Collar Workers: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Meiji Yasuda LifeStyle Study.

Background: The association of working from home (WFH) with physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) has been explored; however, this association during periods without stringent measures to combat coronavirus disease 2019 is undercharacterized. Particularly, few studies have evaluated the potential effect modification on its associations. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the associations of WFH frequency with accelerometer-measured PA and SB, along with its effect modifiers, among Japanese white-collar workers during the later pandemic period.

EphA-Mediated Regulation of Stomatin Expression in Prostate Cancer Cells.

Background And Aims: Tumor growth and progression are affected by interactions between tumor cells and stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment. We previously showed that the expression of an integral membrane protein, called stomatin, was increased in cancer cells following their association with stromal cells. Additionally, stomatin impaired the Akt signaling pathway to suppress tumor growth.

Performance of Fujifilm Dengue NS1 Antigen Rapid Diagnosis Kit Compared to Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Dengue is a viral infection caused by the dengue virus (DENV), transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. About half of the world's population is now at risk of dengue, which represents a global public health concern, especially in tropical and subtropical countries. Early detection of the viral infection is crucial to manage the disease; hence, effective rapid diagnostic tests are essential.

Comparison of the imaging performance of time-of-flight MRA and ultrashort echo time MRA in flow diverters: A phantom study.

Objective: Flow diverters (FD) are innovative treatments for wide-neck intracranial aneurysms. After-treatment verification of embolization and parent vessel patency is crucial. While evaluation using time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) is useful, it suffers from signal loss within the FD due to susceptibility effects.

An antibody-drug conjugate for endometrioid carcinoma based on the expression of cell adhesion molecule 1.

Cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1), an immunoglobulin superfamily member, is expressed in endometrial glandular cells highly during the proliferative phase but lowly during the secretory phase. Previously, a CADM1-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) was generated, in which a humanized anti-CADM1 ectodomain antibody h3E1 was linked with monomethyl auristatin E (h3E1-MMAE ADC). The present study aimed at probing whether this ADC could be useful for the treatment of endometrial neoplasm.

Association between Timing of Vascular Access Creation and Mortality in Patients Initiating Hemodialysis: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Japan.

Introduction: The optimal time for vascular access (VA) creation remains controversial.

Methods: We conducted a cohort study using data from the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy Renal Data Registry. Adult patients who started receiving hemodialysis in 2007 and had a permanent VA created were included.

Separation and determination of tellurium(IV) and tellurium(VI) using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

A new method for speciation analysis of tellurium(IV) and Te(VI) using high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) has been developed. Tellurium(IV) and Te(VI) were completely separated using a reversed-phase column with an L-cysteine eluent under an isocratic elution condition. The detection limits (3σ) of Te(IV) and Te(VI) monitored by HPLC-ICP-MS at m/z 125 were 1.

Prognostic Impact of Human Lymphocyte Antigen (HLA) Class I Expression in Patients With Breast Cancer.

Background/aim: Various biomarkers are utilized in the field of breast cancer. Human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules have a critical role in cancer immune surveillance. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the HLA class I expression and analyze the correlation with clinicopathologic factors in breast cancer.

Relief of pain in mice by an antibody with high affinity for cell adhesion molecule 1 on nerves.

Aims: Cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is abundantly expressed on nerve fibers. Recently, the anti-CADM1 ectodomain antibody 3E1 has proven useful as a drug delivery vector for CADM1-expressing cells in vitro. When injected subcutaneously into mice, whether 3E1 accumulates on nerve fibers and serves as an analgesic was examined.

Development of Uniform Ribosome Display Technology Enabling Easy and Efficient Identification of Full-Length Proteins that Interact with Bioactive Small and Large Molecules.

Identifying target proteins that interact with bioactive molecules is indispensable for understanding their mechanisms of action. In this study, we developed a uniform ribosome display technology using equal-length DNAs and mRNAs to improve molecular display principle for target identification. The equal-length DNAs were designed to contain various coding sequences for full-length proteins with molecular weights of up to 130 kDa and were used to synthesize equal-length mRNAs, which allowed the formation of full-length protein-ribosome-equal-length mRNA complexes.

Optimizing GPT-4 Turbo Diagnostic Accuracy in Neuroradiology through Prompt Engineering and Confidence Thresholds.

Background And Objectives: Integrating large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 Turbo into diagnostic imaging faces a significant challenge, with current misdiagnosis rates ranging from 30-50%. This study evaluates how prompt engineering and confidence thresholds can improve diagnostic accuracy in neuroradiology.

Methods: We analyze 751 neuroradiology cases from the American Journal of Neuroradiology using GPT-4 Turbo with customized prompts to improve diagnostic precision.

The hibernation promoting factor of Betaproteobacteria Comamonas testosteroni cannot induce 100S ribosome formation but stabilizes 70S ribosomal particles.

Bacteria use several means to survive under stress conditions such as nutrient depletion. One such response is the formation of hibernating 100S ribosomes, which are translationally inactive 70S dimers. In Gammaproteobacteria (Enterobacterales), 100S ribosome formation requires ribosome modulation factor (RMF) and short hibernation promoting factor (HPF), whereas it is mediated by only long HPF in the majority of bacteria.

Synthesizing 4D Magnetic Resonance Angiography From 3D Time-of-Flight Using Deep Learning: A Feasibility Study.

Objective and background This study aimed to develop a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) model capable of generating synthetic 4D magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) from 3D time-of-flight (TOF) images, allowing estimation of temporal changes in arterial flow. TOF MRA provides static information about arterial structures through maximum intensity projection (MIP) processing, but it does not capture the dynamic information of contrast agent circulation, which is lost during MIP processing. Considering the principles of TOF, it is hypothesized that dynamic information about arterial blood flow is latent within TOF signals.