Glecirasib in KRAS-mutated nonsmall-cell lung cancer: a phase 2b trial.

Glecirasib (JAB-21822) is a new covalent oral KRAS-G12C inhibitor. This multicenter, single-arm phase 2b study assessed the efficacy and safety of glecirasib administered orally at 800 mg daily in patients with locally advanced or metastatic KRAS-mutated nonsmall-cell lung cancer. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR) assessed by an independent review committee (IRC).

An antibody cocktail targeting two different CD73 epitopes enhances enzyme inhibition and tumor control.

CD73, an ectoenzyme responsible for adenosine production, is often elevated in immuno-suppressive tumor environments. Inhibition of CD73 activity holds great promise as a therapeutic strategy for CD73-expressing cancers. In this study, we have developed a therapeutic anti-human CD73 antibody cocktail, HB0045.

Multimodal Deep Learning Fusing Clinical and Radiomics Scores for Prediction of Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma Lymph Node Metastasis.

Rationale And Objectives: To develop and validate a multimodal deep learning (DL) model based on computed tomography (CT) images and clinical knowledge to predict lymph node metastasis (LNM) in early lung adenocarcinoma.

Materials And Methods: A total of 724 pathologically confirmed early invasive lung adenocarcinoma patients were retrospectively included from two centers. Clinical and CT semantic features of the patients were collected, and 3D radiomics features were extracted from nonenhanced CT images.

Revolutionizing Epithelial Differentiability Analysis in Small Airway-on-a-Chip Models Using Label-Free Imaging and Computational Techniques.

Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) devices mimic human organs, which can be used for many different applications, including drug development, environmental toxicology, disease models, and physiological assessment. Image data acquisition and analysis from these chips are crucial for advancing research in the field. In this study, we propose a label-free morphology imaging platform compatible with the small airway-on-a-chip system.

A Systematic Method to Detect Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Microsatellite Instability in Plasma Cell-Free DNA: plasmaMSI.

Microsatellite instability (MSI) detection using tumor tissue is a well-established prognostic and predictive biomarker for certain types of cancers. However, tumor tissue samples are less convenient to obtain than blood plasma samples. The main challenge facing next-generation sequencing-based MSI detection in blood plasma samples is the ultralow signal/noise ratio in plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA).

Roseburia intestinalis-derived butyrate alleviates neuropathic pain.

Approximately 20% of patients with shingles develop postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). We investigated the role of gut microbiota in shingle- and PHN-related pain. Patients with shingles or PHN exhibited significant alterations in their gut microbiota with microbial markers predicting PHN development among patients with shingles.

Intestinal mucosal barrier repair and immune regulation with an AI-developed gut-restricted PHD inhibitor.

Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitors have been approved for treating renal anemia yet have failed clinical testing for inflammatory bowel disease because of a lack of efficacy. Here we used a multimodel multimodal generative artificial intelligence platform to design an orally gut-restricted selective PHD1 and PHD2 inhibitor that exhibits favorable safety and pharmacokinetic profiles in preclinical studies. ISM012-042 restores intestinal barrier function and alleviates gut inflammation in multiple experimental colitis models.

Prognostic Value of Coronary CT Angiography-Derived Quantitative Flow Ratio in Suspected Coronary Artery Disease.

Background The prognostic value of coronary CT angiography (CTA)-derived quantitative flow ratio (CT-QFR) remains unknown. Purpose To determine the prognostic value of CT-QFR in predicting the long-term outcomes of patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) in comparison with invasive coronary angiography (ICA)/SPECT and to determine the influence of prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on the prognostic value of CT-QFR. Materials and Methods In this secondary analysis of the prospective international CORE320 study, 379 participants who underwent coronary CTA and SPECT within 60 days before ICA between November 2009 and July 2011 were included for follow-up.

Development and validation of a prognostic and drug sensitivity model for gastric cancer utilizing telomere-related genes.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) poses a major global health challenge because of its unfavorable prognosis. Elevated telomerase activity has been linked to the rapid growth and invasiveness of GC tumors. Investigating the expression profiles of telomerase could improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying telomere-related GC advancement and its applicability as potential targets for diverse therapeutic strategies for GC.

Calcium nanoparticles target and activate T cells to enhance anti-tumor function.

Calcium signaling plays a crucial role in the activation of T lymphocytes. However, modulating calcium levels to control T cell activation in vivo remains a challenge. In this study, we investigate T cell activation using 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-encapsulated CaCO nanoparticles.

Impact of nebulization versus metered-dose inhaler utilization on viral particle dispersion in patients with COVID-19.

Background: Conflicting guidance exists regarding the characterization of nebulization as an aerosol-generating procedure and subsequent risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to healthcare workers.

Aim/objective: This study sought to address whether SARS-CoV-2 viral load distribution was impacted by bronchodilator delivery via nebulizer versus metered-dose inhaler (MDI).

Methods: Adults infected with COVID-19 were enrolled and received a single dose of albuterol sulfate nebulized solution (2.

Individually addressed entangling gates in a two-dimensional ion crystal.

Two-dimensional (2D) ion crystals may represent a promising path to scale up qubit numbers for ion trap quantum information processing. However, to realize universal quantum computing in this system, individually addressed high-fidelity two-qubit entangling gates still remain challenging due to the inevitable micromotion of ions in a 2D crystal as well as the technical difficulty in 2D addressing. Here we demonstrate two-qubit entangling gates between any ion pairs in a 2D crystal of four ions.

Long- and short-term outcomes for resectable gallbladder carcinoma patients treated with curative-intent laparoscopic versus open resection: a multicenter propensity score-matched comparative study.

Background: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) was once considered a contraindication for laparoscopic surgery, but it is becoming more common to use laparoscopic surgery for GBC treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze the long- and short-term outcomes of patients with more advanced T-staged GBC treated with curative intent as defined by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) after laparoscopic resection (LR) versus open resection (OR).

Methods: A multicenter database was used to select consecutive GBC patients treated with curative-intent resection as defined by the NCCN between 2016 and 2020.

Trem2/Tyrobp Signaling Protects Against Aortic Dissection and Rupture by Inhibiting Macrophage Activation in Mice.

Background: The development of aortic dissection (AD) is closely associated with inflammation. The Trem2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2)/Tyrobp (TYRO protein tyrosine kinase-binding protein) signaling pathway critically regulates innate immunity and has emerged as an important target in cardiovascular diseases; however, its role in AD remains unclear.

Methods: Transcriptome data from human and mouse ADs were used to perform differentially expressed gene-based protein-protein interaction network analyses.

Shared oscillatory mechanisms of alpha-band activity in prefrontal regions in eyes open and closed state using a portable EEG acquisition device.

Alpha oscillations are associated with various psychiatric disorders, with many studies focusing on the prefrontal cortex, where transcranial alternating current stimulation (TACS) is applied in the alpha frequency band. This approach often involves selecting individualized alpha frequencies to resonate with their endogenous alpha oscillations. While strong alpha oscillations (8-13 Hz) are typically induced when the eyes are closed, they can also occur during the resting state with eyes open.

Assessing the Performance of Models from the 2022 RSNA Cervical Spine Fracture Detection Competition at a Level I Trauma Center.

Purpose To evaluate the performance of the top models from the RSNA 2022 Cervical Spine Fracture Detection challenge on a clinical test dataset of both noncontrast and contrast-enhanced CT scans acquired at a level I trauma center. Materials and Methods Seven top-performing models in the RSNA 2022 Cervical Spine Fracture Detection challenge were retrospectively evaluated on a clinical test set of 1828 CT scans (from 1829 series: 130 positive for fracture, 1699 negative for fracture; 1308 noncontrast, 521 contrast enhanced) from 1779 patients (mean age, 55.8 years ± 22.

Sintilimab combined with anlotinib and chemotherapy as second-line or later therapy in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a phase II clinical trial.

Treatment options for patients with relapsed extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) remain scarce. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining anlotinib and sintilimab plus chemotherapy as a second line or later therapy for ES-SCLC patients. This is a phase II clinical trial (ChiCTR2100049390) conducting at Shandong Cancer Hospital.

CMG901, a Claudin18.2-specific antibody-drug conjugate, for the treatment of solid tumors.

Claudin18.2 has been recently recognized as a potential therapeutic target for gastric/gastroesophageal junction or pancreatic cancer. Here, we develop a Claudin18.

Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) Breast Cancer guidelines 2024.

Background: Developing guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of common cancers in China based on the evidence-based practice, the availability of diagnosis and treatment products, and the up-to-date advances in precision medicine is one of the basic tasks of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Breast Cancer (CSCO BC) Committee.

Methods: Protocols with high evidence level and good availability are used as the Level I recommendations; protocols with relatively high evidence level but slightly lower expert consensus or with poor availability are used as the Level II recommendations; and protocols that are clinically applicable but with low evidence level are regarded as the Level III recommendations. Based on the findings of clinical research at home and abroad and the opinions of CSCO BC experts, the CSCO BC guidelines determine the levels of recommendations for clinical application.