Oral health promotion: a qualitative study to explore perspectives of kindergarten nurses at Qatar.

Background: The oral health of preschool children remains a concern globally. Kindergarten and school nurses can improve oral health by reducing the incidence of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) among children. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of kindergarten nurses about a proposed oral health promotion program to be implemented in primary health centres and kindergartens.

Phenotypic variations and switches in HIV isolated from the blood and the gastrointestinal tissues of patients with HIV-1 infection. HIV/GI Research Study Group.

The objective of this study was to determine the initial and subsequent phenotypes of HIV-1 isolated from the blood, duodenal, and colonic biopsies of 51 HIV-1 positive patients followed prospectively over 2 years. Blood and tissues were cocultured with stimulated peripheral blood monocytes, and HIV was analyzed for phenotypic expression of syncytia-induction (SI). A total of 45/51 patients had HIV-1 isolated from the blood and 35/51 had HIV isolated from gastrointestinal tract.

Rapid culture-amplified immunofluorescent test for the detection of human rhinoviruses in clinical samples: evidence of a common epitope in culture.

Ohio HeLa cells in multichamber slides were inoculated with nasal samples from patients presenting with common cold symptoms and incubated at 33 degrees C with gentle shaking for 48 hours. The cultures were fixed with cold acetone, and viral antigens were detected by immunofluorescence using an antirhinovirus type 2 (HRV-2) polyclonal serum. Of 158 samples, 58 (36.

Detection and differentiation of picornaviruses in clinical samples following genomic amplification.

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to detect and differentiate picornaviruses (PVs), using primers homologous to the 5' non-coding and VP2 regions of the PV genome. The PCR resulted in a 530 bp PCR product for human rhinoviruses (HRVs) and a 650 bp product for polioviruses, coxsackieviruses (CV) or echoviruses. The PCR assay could detect as little as 1 p.

The human cytomegalovirus immediate early enhancer-promoter is responsive to activation by the adenovirus-5 13S E1A gene.

The stimulatory effects of the 13S adenovirus E1A gene product on the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) major immediate early (IE) enhancer were examined. Chimeric plasmids containing cloned portions of the HCMV major IE enhancer-promoter positioned upstream of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat) were cotransfected into HeLa cells with the plasmid p13S-wt which contained a cDNA encoding the adenovirus 13S E1A gene product. CAT expression from chimeric plasmids containing at least one copy of the HCMV 19 base pair (bp) repetitive motif was stimulated 10-fold in the presence of p13S-wt.