Prodromal Alzheimer's disease can affect activities of daily living for adults with Down syndrome.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) affecting adults with Down syndrome (DS-AD), like late-onset AD (LOAD) in the neurotypical population, has preclinical, prodromal, and more advanced stages. Only tasks placing high demands on cognition are expected to be affected during the prodromal stage, with activities of daily living (ADLs) typically being spared. However, cognitive demands of ADLs could be high for adults with DS and may be affected during prodromal DS-AD.

Obesity, diabetes and their metabolic correlates in middle-aged adults with Down syndrome.

Background: Obesity in adults without Down syndrome is associated with an adverse metabolic profile including high prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes, high levels of insulin, non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, leptin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and low levels of HDL and adiponectin. We examined whether obesity in middle-aged adults with Down syndrome is also related to an adverse metabolic profile.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 143 adults with Down syndrome, with a mean age of 55.

Individualized estimated years from onset of Alzheimer's disease- related decline for adults with Down syndrome.

Introduction: Adults with Down syndrome (DS) are at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vary in their age of transition from AD preclinical to prodromal or more advanced clinical stages. An empirically based method is needed to determine individual "estimated years from symptom onset (EYO)," the same construct used in studies of autosomal dominant AD .

Methods: Archived data from a previous study of > 600 adults with DS were examined using survival analysis methods.

Adults with Down syndrome in randomized clinical trials targeting prevention of Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Adults with Down syndrome, the largest population genetically predisposed to high risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), are ideally suited participants for clinical trials targeting prevention. Critically important considerations for the design of such trials include appropriate selection of participants, outcome measures, and duration of follow-up.

Methods: Archived data for 12 measures of performance over a 3-year period were analyzed for 185 adults with Down syndrome 36 years of age and older with presumptive preclinical AD.

The Association between Sex and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease in Adults with Down Syndrome.

Background: Sex differences in the risk of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in adults with Down Syndrome (DS) have not been extensively investigated, and existing studies have found conflicting results. This study examined the effect of sex on the risk of AD in adults with DS, adjusted for covariates.

Methods: Adults with DS were assessed longitudinally for the development of AD.