Could Toll-like Receptor 2 Serve as Biomarker to Detect Advanced Gastric Cancer?

Gastric cancer is one of the five most common types of cancer worldwide. Due to the heterogeneous course and the involvement of many risk factors, its treatment and diagnosis is an important challenge for modern medicine. Recent studies have emphasized the i role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed on selected cells of the immune system in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.

Loss of Optineurin Drives Cancer Immune Evasion via Palmitoylation-Dependent IFNGR1 Lysosomal Sorting and Degradation.

Mutations in IFN and MHC signaling genes endow immunotherapy resistance. Patients with colorectal cancer infrequently exhibit IFN and MHC signaling gene mutations and are generally resistant to immunotherapy. In exploring the integrity of IFN and MHC signaling in colorectal cancer, we found that optineurin was a shared node between the two pathways and predicted colorectal cancer patient outcome.

Cancer SLC43A2 alters T cell methionine metabolism and histone methylation.

Abnormal epigenetic patterns correlate with effector T cell malfunction in tumours, but the cause of this link is unknown. Here we show that tumour cells disrupt methionine metabolism in CD8 T cells, thereby lowering intracellular levels of methionine and the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and resulting in loss of dimethylation at lysine 79 of histone H3 (H3K79me2). Loss of H3K79me2 led to low expression of STAT5 and impaired T cell immunity.

Peripheral blood T lymphocytes are downregulated by the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in advanced gastric cancer.

Introduction: Programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) function as an immune checkpoint pathway that can be exploited by tumor cells to evade immuno-surveillance. The precise role of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition of the immune response in GC is unknown. The study investigated PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on peripheral T-cells and its potential association with clinicopathological features in gastric cancer (GC) patients.

Surface CD200 and CD200R antigens on lymphocytes in advanced gastric cancer: a new potential target for immunotherapy.

Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. The membrane glycoprotein CD200, widely expressed on multiple cells/tissues, uses a structurally similar receptor (CD200R), delivering immunoregulatory signals. There is evidence that CD200/CD200R signaling suppresses anti-tumor responses in different types of malignancies.