Design and real-time evaluation of a novel observer-based predefined-time controller for the industrial processes.

A suitable controller for the Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) plays a crucial role in the reactor's performance. This paper presents a novel observer-based sliding mode controller designed to control the CSTR with high accuracy and a fast response. The stability of the proposed method is analyzed using Lyapunov theory.

The effect of histidine, histamine, and imidazole on electrochemical properties of Cu(II) complexes of Aβ peptides containing His-2 and His-3 motifs.

The N-truncation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides could lead to peptide sequences with the histidine residue at the second and third positions, creating His-2 and His-3 motifs, known as high-affinity Cu(II) binding sites. In such complexes, the Cu(II) ion is arrested in a rigid structure of a square-planar arrangement of nitrogen donors, which highly limits its susceptibility to Cu(II) reduction. Cu(II) reduction fuels the Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox cycle, which is engaged in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Metal cations recognition by bowl-shaped -pyrrolic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Bowl-shaped, nitrogen-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were examined for the first time as molecular receptors for the recognition of metal cations. Potentiometric and spectrofluorimetric assays, supported with density functional theory computations, revealed that the title compounds recognise metal cations with a special focus on caesium (Cs) cations.

Mixing of endogenous CO and meteoric HO causes extremely efficient carbonate dissolution.

Karst corrosion of carbonate rocks by water with dissolved gases proceeds in most cases along two major scenarios: (i) meteoric water absorbs CO from soil and atmosphere, or (ii) ascending water of deep circulation carries with it dissolved endogenous gases, mainly CO and HS. We have observed a peculiar variant where meteoric water absorbs ascending endogenous gases at a natural gas vent on a travertine mound in Slovakia. Carbonate dissolution's extreme effectiveness is demonstrated by mineralization of rainwater ponded at a gas vent, rising to 3.

Expanding the library of sumanene molecular receptors for caesium-selective potentiometric sensors.

This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of eight sumanene molecular receptors for the selective recognition of caesium cations (Cs). The sumanene derivatives differed in the number (from one to nine), type (electron donating or electron withdrawing) and method of the attachment (functionalization of sumanene at the benzylic or aromatic carbons) of substituents in the sumanene skeleton. The ultimate goal of this work was to investigate the prospective use of various sumanene derivatives in the design of Cs-selective potentiometric sensors, thus, expanding the library of sumanene receptors for such applications.