Publications by authors named "W Williams"
Aims: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is used in many applications including drug development. Due to exposure to environmental products, there is a high prevalence of preexisting anti-PEG antibodies in the global human population. The presence of anti-PEG antibodies is a concern for potentially reducing the efficacy of therapeutics after administration and represents a risk of safety events after exposure to PEGylated drug products.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvolving Concern: Late Outcomes after Repair of Transposition of the Great Arteries.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg
November 2024
Article Synopsis
- - The study evaluated the survival rates and need for re-operation in children who had surgery for transposition of great arteries (TGA) from 1990 to 2019, finding a strong 30-year survival rate of 92% and a low in-hospital death rate of 3.8%.
- - Most patients (94%) underwent arterial switch operations, with 82% being free from cardiac re-operations 30 years post-surgery. Re-operation rates were highest in the first 2 years, then decreased for 18 years, followed by an increase after 20 years.
- - Late complications were noted, particularly a concerning rise in neo-aortic valve and root re-operations after 17 years,
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how the immune system of young macaques can produce antibodies that neutralize various strains of HIV-1, showing a higher success rate in infants compared to adults.
- Over a 24-month period, 64% of young macaques developed these antibodies, linked to a healthier immune profile with reduced immunosuppressive factors.
- The findings suggest that understanding pediatric immune responses to SHIV may help in creating vaccines to protect infants and children from HIV-1 before they are exposed to the virus.
Background: The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of available tests for pyuria, including newer automated tests, and to examine the implications of requiring them for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Methods: We included children between 1 and 36 months of age undergoing bladder catheterization for suspected UTIs who presented to 1 of 3 pediatric centers. Using a positive urine culture result as the reference standard, we compared the sensitivity of 5 modalities for assessing pyuria at the cutoffs most often used clinically for detecting children with a positive culture result: leukocyte esterase on a dipstick, white blood cell (WBC) count on manual microscopy with and without using a hemocytometer, automated WBC enumeration using flow cytometry, and automated WBC enumeration using digital imaging with particle recognition.
Management of Tricuspid Atresia With Normally Related Great Arteries and Left-Sided Obstruction.
World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg
November 2024
Article Synopsis
- Tricuspid atresia (TA) is a heart condition affecting infants and is the second most common type of functionally univentricular heart, with rare cases of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) in patients who have normally related great arteries.
- A study involving 445 patients with Type I TA showed that 3% of infants needed interventions for LVOTO, and most of those who underwent surgical procedures had promising outcomes.
- The long-term survival rate for these infants was estimated at 79% over 20 years, indicating that timely surgical management can lead to successful interventions and good heart function later in life.