Monitoring of nevus density in children as a method to detect shifts in melanoma risk in the population.

Background: Nevus density in children, a well-known risk factor for malignant melanoma, depends both on constitutional factors and on previous ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Secular trends of childhood UV exposure could thus be indirectly monitored by repeated standardized surveys assessing nevus density in children, such as the "childhood monitoring of nevus density (CMONDE-Study)".

Methods: Two complete surveys comprising all children at the time of school enrolment were performed in the city and county of Göttingen, Germany, during the years 1999 and 2000.

[Monitoring of naevus density--an approximate marker of previous UV exposure--in children at school enrollment as a method to detect shifts in melanoma risk in the population].

Objective: Naevus density in children depends both on constitutional factors (see below) and on previous (solar) UV exposure, which is a well-known risk factor for malignant melanoma. Secular trends of childhood UV exposure - e. g.

Metabolic and hemodynamic response to hyperventilation in patients with head injuries.

The effects of controlled moderate hyperventilation (paCo2 approximately 31 mmHg) on cardiovascular parameters and whole-body-oxygen-uptake (VO2) was studied in 10 patients with head injuries, who were unconscious and artificially ventilated at the time of the investigation. VO2 was measured with the Beckmann Metabolic Measurement Cart and also calculated from cardiac output and arterio-mixed venous oxygen content difference. A mean increase in VO2 (+ 19.