Treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with natalizumab.

We describe the clinical and therapeutic course of a 52-year-old patient with multiple sclerosis in whom progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) developed after 12 months of therapy with natalizumab. The patient was hospitalized 2 months after the onset of neurologic and psychiatric symptoms and was treated with plasma exchange and immunoadsorption to eliminate natalizumab. After a brief improvement, he became critically ill with an apparent episode of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.

[Fracture healing of the ethmoid bone--a contribution to rhinologic management of naso-ethmoid injuries].

Severe maxillofacial trauma accompanied by a dislocated ethmoidal bone fracture was confirmed by CT imaging in 15 adult patients. Routine surgical management included reduction of fractures, miniplate fixation and/or intermaxillary fixation with interosseous wiring. The fractured ethmoidal cell system was left to heal spontaneously.

beta-Carbolines as benzodiazepine receptor ligands. 1. Synthesis and benzodiazepine receptor interaction of esters of beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid.

Several esters of beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid were synthesized and tested in respect to their affinity for the benzodiazepine receptor in bovine cortex membranes. Out of these derivatives, the methyl, ethyl, and n-propyl ester were clearly the most potent, while the n-butyl, benzyl, and 3-pyridylmethyl ester were considerably less active. Moreover, several beta-carboline-3-carboxylates with ethanol derivatives as ester alcohol components were all less active than the ethyl or n-propyl ester themselves.