Intravenous antibiotics in preterm infants have a negative effect upon microbiome development throughout preterm life.

Background: Intestinal dysbiosis is implicated in the origins of necrotising enterocolitis and late-onset sepsis in preterm babies. However, the effect of modulators of bacterial growth (e.g.

Local delivery of nitric oxide prevents endothelial dysfunction in periodontitis.

Aims: Increased cardiovascular disease risk underlies elevated rates of mortality in individuals with periodontitis. A key characteristic of those with increased cardiovascular risk is endothelial dysfunction, a phenomenon synonymous with deficiencies of bioavailable nitric oxide (NO), and prominently expressed in patients with periodontitis. Also, inorganic nitrate can be reduced to NO in vivo to restore NO levels, leading us to hypothesise that its use may be beneficial in reducing periodontitis-associated endothelial dysfunction.

Aerosol and splatter generation with rotary handpieces used in restorative and orthodontic dentistry: a systematic review.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused major disruptions in dental care globally, in part due to the potential for contaminated aerosol to be generated by dental activities. This systematic review assesses the literature for changes in aerosol-contamination levels when rotary instruments are used, (1) as distance increases from patient's mouth; (2) as time passes after the procedure; and (3) when using different types of handpieces.

Methods: The review methods and reporting are in line with PRISMA statements.

The microbiota and radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: What should clinical oncologists know?

Radiotherapy is a linchpin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HN-SCC) treatment. Modulating tumour and/or normal tissue biology offers opportunities to further develop HN-SCC radiotherapy. The microbiota, which can exhibit homeostatic properties and be a modulator of immunity, has recently received considerable interest from the Oncology community.