Binocular Visual Field Loss and Crash Risk: An eFOVID Population-Based Study.

Purpose: Visual field loss poses a high personal cost to those affected, significantly impacting activities of daily living, including driving. However, there is conflicting evidence on the association between visual field loss and crash risk. This study examined the association between severity and location of binocular visual field loss and motor vehicle crashes in older adults aged 50+, using linked population data over a 29-year study period.

Calculation of vessel pulse wave velocities in retinal vein segments within the optic disc centre.

The carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) method is used clinically to determine degrees of stiffness and other indices of disease. It is believed PWV measurement in retinal vessels may allow early detection of diseases. In this paper we present a new non-invasive method for estimating PWVs in retinal vein segments close to the optic disc centre, based on the measurement of blood column pulsation in retinal veins (reflective of vessel wall pulsation), using modified photoplethysmography (PPG).

The Benefit of Nocturnal IOP Reduction in Glaucoma, Including Normal Tension Glaucoma.

Nocturnal intraocular pressure (IOP) profiling has shown that the peak IOP usually occurs at night, particularly in patients with glaucoma. Multiple studies have demonstrated that these nocturnal IOP elevations drive glaucomatous progression, often despite stable daytime IOP. Existing vascular dysregulation and decreased nighttime blood pressure compound the damage via low ocular perfusion pressure while elevated nocturnal IOP disrupts axonal transport.

The Child Welfare System's Response to the National Mental Health Crisis.

The nation's child welfare system serves the most vulnerable youth and families and so has been impacted dramatically by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic with decreases of abuse reporting, delayed toward permanency, and increased disproportionality. Youth in foster care have increased likelihood of boarding in hospital emergency rooms or nontraditional placements. These issues are magnified in exceptional vulnerable populations such as American Indian and Alaska Native children.