Low elevation of Svalbard glaciers drives high mass loss variability.

Compared to other Arctic ice masses, Svalbard glaciers are low-elevated with flat interior accumulation areas, resulting in a marked peak in their current hypsometry (area-elevation distribution) at  ~450 m above sea level. Since summer melt consistently exceeds winter snowfall, these low-lying glaciers can only survive by refreezing a considerable fraction of surface melt and rain in the porous firn layer covering their accumulation zones. We use a high-resolution climate model to show that modest atmospheric warming in the mid-1980s forced the firn zone to retreat upward by  ~100 m to coincide with the hypsometry peak.

A single dose of doxycycline after an ixodes ricinus tick bite to prevent Lyme borreliosis: An open-label randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: A single dose of doxycycline after a tick bite can prevent the development of Lyme borreliosis in North America, but extrapolation to Europe is hampered by differences in Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies and tick species. We assessed the efficacy of prophylaxis after a tick bite in Europe.

Methods: We conducted an open-label randomized controlled trial, administering a single dose of 200 mg doxycycline within 72 h after removing an attached tick from the skin, compared to no treatment.

Seasonality in carriage of extended-spectrum -lactamase-producing and in the general population: a pooled analysis of nationwide cross-sectional studies.

Infections due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) are often preceded by asymptomatic carriage. Higher incidences in enteric infectious diseases during summer have been reported. Here, we assessed whether the presence of seasonality in intestinal ESBL-Escherichia coli/Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-E/K) carriage in the general Dutch population exists.

Faecal carriage, risk factors, acquisition and persistence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in dogs and cats and co-carriage with humans belonging to the same household.

Background: ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) are observed in many reservoirs. Pets might play an important role in the dissemination of ESBL-E to humans since they live closely together.

Objectives: To identify prevalence, risk factors, molecular characteristics, persistence and acquisition of ESBL-E in dogs and cats, and co-carriage in human-pet pairs belonging to the same household.

Dynamics of Intestinal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in the Dutch General Population, 2014-2016.

Background: In the Netherlands, the prevalence of intestinal extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) carriage in community-dwelling subjects is ~5%. Little is known about the dynamics of ESBL-E carriage.

Methods: In a nationwide, population-based study (2014-2016) with 4177 community-dwelling subjects, fecal samples from 656 subjects were collected after 1 (time point [T] = 1) and 6 (T = 2) months.