Evaluating time-to-event surrogates for time-to-event true endpoints: an information-theoretic approach based on causal inference.

Putative surrogate endpoints must undergo a rigorous statistical evaluation before they can be used in clinical trials. Numerous frameworks have been introduced for this purpose. In this study, we extend the scope of the information-theoretic causal-inference approach to encompass scenarios where both outcomes are time-to-event endpoints, using the flexibility provided by D-vine copulas.

Assessing the Operational Characteristics of the Individual Causal Association as a Metric of Surrogacy in the Binary Continuous Setting.

In a causal inference framework, a new metric has been proposed to quantify surrogacy for a continuous putative surrogate and a binary true endpoint, based on information theory. The proposed metric, termed the individual causal association (ICA), was quantified using a joint causal inference model for the corresponding potential outcomes. Due to the non-identifiability inherent in this type of models, a sensitivity analysis was introduced to study the behavior of the ICA as a function of the non-identifiable parameters characterizing the aforementioned model.

An information-theoretic approach for the assessment of a continuous outcome as a surrogate for a binary true endpoint based on causal inference: Application to vaccine evaluation.

Within the causal association paradigm, a method is proposed to assess the validity of a continuous outcome as a surrogate for a binary true endpoint. The methodology is based on a previously introduced information-theoretic definition of surrogacy and has two main steps. In the first step, a new model is proposed to describe the joint distribution of the potential outcomes associated with the putative surrogate and the true endpoint of interest.

Anti-tau intrabodies: From anti-tau immunoglobulins to the development of functional scFv intrabodies.

Over the last decade, there has been a growing interest in intrabodies and their therapeutic potential. Intrabodies are antibody fragments that are expressed inside a cell to target intracellular antigens. In the context of intracellular protein misfolding and aggregation, such as tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease, intrabodies have become an interesting approach as there is the possibility to target early stages of aggregation.

Measuring respiratory syncytial virus infection severity in hospitalized children using the Pediatric Respiratory Syncytial Virus Electronic Severity and Outcome Rating System (PRESORS).

Background: The Pediatric Respiratory Syncytial Virus Electronic Severity and Outcome Rating System (PRESORS) was developed to assess the severity of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in children. Because young children cannot report how they feel or function, ratings are based on observations by the child's caregiver (Observer-Reported Outcome questionnaire [ObsRO]) and clinician (Clinician-Reported Outcome questionnaire [ClinRO]). This prospective study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PRESORS.