Pulmonary immunization: deposition site is of minor relevance for influenza vaccination but deep lung deposition is crucial for hepatitis B vaccination.

Vaccination the pulmonary route could be an attractive alternative to parenteral administration. Research towards the best site of antigen deposition within the lungs to induce optimal immune responses has conflicting results which might be dependent on the type of vaccine and/or its physical state. Therefore, in this study, we explored whether deep lung deposition is crucial for two different vaccines, .

Association of plasma somatostatin with disease severity and progression in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Background: Somatostatin (SST) inhibits intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production and thus may modify cyst formation in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). We investigated whether endogenous plasma SST concentration is associated with disease severity and progression in patients with ADPKD, and whether plasma SST concentrations change during treatment with a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist or SST analogue.

Methods: In this observational study, fasting concentrations of SST were measured in 127 ADPKD patients (diagnosed upon the revised Ravine criteria) by ELISA.

Polymer-Mediated Drug Supersaturation Controlled by Drug-Polymer Interactions Persisting in an Aqueous Environment.

We investigated the drug-polymer interactions in nonaqueous and aqueous environments between a poorly water-soluble drug, BAY1161909 (909), and two commonly used polymers in amorphous solid dispersions, i.e., PVP and HPMC-AS.

Advax augments B and T cell responses upon influenza vaccination via the respiratory tract and enables complete protection of mice against lethal influenza virus challenge.

Administration of influenza vaccines via the respiratory tract has potential benefits over conventional parenteral administration, inducing immunity directly at the site of influenza exposure as well as being needle free. In this study, we investigated the suitability of Advax™, a stable particulate polymorph of inulin, also referred to as delta inulin, as a mucosal adjuvant for whole inactivated influenza vaccine (WIV) administered either as a liquid or dry powder formulation. Spray freeze-drying produced Advax-adjuvanted WIV powder particles in a size range (1-5 μm) suitable for inhalation.