Importance of integrating mixoplankton into marine ecosystem policy and management-Examples from the Marine Strategy Framework Directive.

Marine plankton capable of photosynthesis and predation ("mixoplankton") comprise up to 50% of protist plankton and include many harmful species. However, marine environmental management policies, including the European Union Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) and the USEPA, assume a strict dichotomy between autotrophic phytoplankton and heterotrophic zooplankton. Mixoplankton often differ significantly from these two categories in their response to environmental pressures and affect the marine environment in ways we are only beginning to understand.

Corrigendum to 'Modeling mixoplankton along the biogeochemical gradient of the Southern North Sea' Ecological Modelling 458 (2021) 0304-3800/109690.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.

Soft x-ray power diagnostics for fusion experiments at NIF, Omega, and Z facilities.

In this Review Article, we discuss a range of soft x-ray power diagnostics at inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and pulsed-power fusion facilities. This Review Article describes current hardware and analysis approaches and covers the following methods: x-ray diode arrays, bolometers, transmission grating spectrometers, and associated crystal spectrometers. These systems are fundamental for the diagnosis of ICF experiments, providing a wide range of critical parameters for the evaluation of fusion performance.

A 2-4 keV multilayer mirrored channel for the NIF Dante system.

During inertial confinement fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), a capsule filled with deuterium and tritium (DT) gas, surrounded by a DT ice layer and a high-density carbon ablator, is driven to the temperature and densities required to initiate fusion. In the indirect method, 2 MJ of NIF laser light heats the inside of a gold hohlraum to a radiation temperature of 300 eV; thermal x rays from the hohlraum interior couple to the capsule and create a central hotspot at tens of millions degrees Kelvin and a density of 100-200 g/cm. During the laser interaction with the gold wall, m-band x rays are produced at ∼2.

Modeling mixoplankton along the biogeochemical gradient of the Southern North Sea.

The ecological importance of mixoplankton within marine protist communities is slowly being recognized. However, most aquatic ecosystem models do not include formulations to model a complete protist community consisting of phytoplankton, protozooplankton and mixoplankton. We introduce PROTIST, a new module for the aquatic ecosystem modelling software Delft3D-WAQ that can model a protist community consisting of two types of phytoplankton (diatoms and green algae), two types of mixoplankton (constitutive mixoplankton and non-constitutive mixoplankton) and protozooplankton.