Cardiac cachexia.

Chronic heart failure (CHF) remains an important and increasing public health care problem. It is a complex syndrome affecting many body systems. Body wasting (i.

Anemia in chronic heart failure--frequency and prognostic impact.

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is an important public health care problem and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality world wide. Anemia is a common finding in CHF and known to cause heart failure. Patients with CHF are limited by exercise capacity and fatigue.

Anemia in chronic congestive heart failure: frequency, prognosis, and treatment.

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Although a precise definition for a cut-off value of hemoglobin level for anemia is still lacking, it has recently been found to be a common complication in CHF, occurring in 10-20% of patients. There are several possible pathogenetic mechanisms for anemia in CHF, and a precise underlying cause is found in only a minority of patients.