Synaptic alterations in pyramidal cells following genetic manipulation of neuronal excitability in monkey prefrontal cortex.

The primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) displays unique in vivo activity patterns, but how in vivo activity regulates DLPFC pyramidal neuron (PN) properties remains unclear. We assessed the effects of in vivo Kir2.1 overexpression, a genetic silencing tool, on synapses in monkey DLPFC PNs.

Basal ganglia: Uniting circuit logic between matrix and striosome.

A new study has identified a novel direct-indirect circuit architecture connecting the striosome compartment of the striatum with midbrain dopamine neurons. This circuit has the potential to integrate limbic and sensorimotor functions and to exert substantial control over biological reinforcement leaning.

Cyclophilin inhibition as a strategy for the treatment of human disease.

Cyclophilins (Cyps), characterized as peptidyl-prolyl isomerases (PPIases), are highly conserved and ubiquitous, playing a crucial role in protein folding and cellular signaling. This review summarizes the biochemical pathways mediated by Cyps, including their involvement in pathological states such as viral replication, inflammation, and cancer progression, to underscore the therapeutic potential of Cyp inhibition. The exploration of Cyp inhibitors (CypI) in this review, particularly non-immunosuppressive cyclosporine A (CsA) derivatives, highlights their significance as therapeutic agents.

Welcoming new neighbors: Minnesota's rapid response model to address the urgent health needs of Afghan newcomers, 2021-2022.

As a result of the United States withdrawal from Afghanistan in fall 2021, 1,260 Afghan evacuees arrived in Minnesota between October 2021 and February 2022. Several contextual factors including an overtaxed health system under duress from COVID-19 and uncertain benefit eligibility prompted a coordinated public health response to appropriately address the acute and pressing medical concerns of our new neighbors. This community case study describes the State of Minnesota's cross-sectoral response that created a welcoming environment, identified public health concerns, and addressed acute medical needs.

Synaptic alterations in pyramidal cells following genetic manipulation of neuronal excitability in monkey prefrontal cortex.

Unlabelled: In schizophrenia, layer 3 pyramidal neurons (L3PNs) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) are thought to receive fewer excitatory synaptic inputs and to have lower expression levels of activity-dependent genes and of genes involved in mitochondrial energy production. In concert, these findings from previous studies suggest that DLPFC L3PNs are hypoactive in schizophrenia, disrupting the patterns of activity that are crucial for working memory, which is impaired in the illness. However, whether lower PN activity produces alterations in inhibitory and/or excitatory synaptic strength has not been tested in the primate DLPFC.