The PDE4 inhibitor apremilast modulates ethanol responses in Gabrb1-S409A knock-in mice via PKA-dependent and independent mechanisms.

We previously showed that the PDE4 inhibitor apremilast reduces ethanol consumption in mice by protein kinase A (PKA) and GABAergic mechanisms. Preventing PKA phosphorylation of GABA β3 subunits partially blocked apremilast-mediated decreases in drinking. Here, we produced Gabrb1-S409A mice to render GABA β1 subunits resistant to PKA-mediated phosphorylation.

Generation and Validation of Tissue-Specific Knockout Strains for Toxicology Research.

Tissue-specific knockout mice are widely used throughout scientific research. A principle method for generating tissue-specific knockout mice is the Cre-loxP system. Here, we give a detailed description of the steps required to generate and validate tissue-specific knockout mice using the Cre-loxP system.

SLC30A10 transporter in the digestive system regulates brain manganese under basal conditions while brain SLC30A10 protects against neurotoxicity.

The essential metal manganese becomes neurotoxic at elevated levels. Yet, the mechanisms by which brain manganese homeostasis is regulated are unclear. Loss-of-function mutations in SLC30A10, a cell surface-localized manganese efflux transporter in the brain and liver, induce familial manganese neurotoxicity.