Single-detector micro-electro-mechanical scanning grating spectrometer.

A compact, robust grating spectrometer based on an optimised micro-electro-mechanical grating mirror component has been developed, built, and characterised. The application of an oscillating reflection grating micro-mirror component as scanning dispersive element in a modified Czerny-Turner monochromator layout enables the design of compact grating spectrometers capable of acquiring full spectra using a single detector element. Designed for a wavelength range between 1200 and 1900 nm, the spectrometer features a spectral resolution of 10 nm with wavelength stability better than +/-0.

Reduced expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 exacerbates pathology in an experimental asthma model.

Allergic asthma is characterized by airway hyperreactivity (AHR), eosinophilic airway inflammation and elevated serum IgE levels. T-helper 2 (Th2) cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of asthma, but the immunological mechanisms that inhibit Th2 cell function in vivo are not well understood. Conflicting results regarding the protective role of Th1 cytokines and TGF-beta in asthma have been reported.

Purification and partial characterization of a novel lectin from elder (Sambucus nigra L.) fruit.

A previously unknown haemagglutinin, named Sambucus nigra agglutinin-III (SNA-III), has been purified from the fruit of the elder (Sambucus nigra). Whereas elder bark agglutinin I (SNA-I) is highly specific for terminal alpha 2,6-linked sialic acid residues, SNA-III displays a high affinity for oligosaccharides containing exposed N-acetylgalactosamine and galactose residues. Different N-terminal sequences and the amino acid composition distinguish the fruit lectin from elder bark agglutinin II (SNA-II), which shows a similar carbohydrate specificity.