Load transfer and periprosthetic fractures after total hip arthoplasty: Comparison of periprosthetic fractures of femora implanted with cementless distal-load or proximal-load femoral components and measurement of the femoral strain at the time of implantation.

Background: Little is known about the causes and mechanisms underlying periprosthetic fractures around femoral components particularly in relation to the stem design. In an in vitro study 20 pairs of fresh cadaveric femora were loaded to fracture axially and transversally.

Findings: When proximal femoral strain was measured at the time of impaction of cementless stems the load transfer was determined by the underlying anatomy rather than by the shape of the stem, so that the so-called "load transfer" properties - proximal or distal - ascribed to stem designs are a myth.

Distinct host species correlate with Anaplasma phagocytophilum ankA gene clusters.

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a gram-negative, tick-transmitted, obligate intracellular bacterium that elicits acute febrile diseases in humans and domestic animals. In contrast to the United States, human granulocytic anaplasmosis seems to be a rare disease in Europe despite the initial recognition of A. phagocytophilum as the causative agent of tick-borne fever in European sheep and cattle.

Experimental infection in lambs with a red deer (Cervus elaphus) isolate of Anaplasma phagocytophilum.

Anaplasma phagocytophilum transmitted by Ixodes spp. ticks is the causative agent of tick-borne fever (TBF) in domestic ruminants. TBF is widespread along the coast of southern Norway and may cause a severe problem for the sheep industry.

Match or mismatch: the influence of phenology on size-dependent life history and divergence in population structure.

1. In gape-limited predators, body size asymmetries determine the outcome of predator-prey interactions. Due to ontogenetic changes in body size, the intensity of intra- and interspecific interactions may change rapidly between the match situation of a predator-prey system and the mismatch situation in which competition, including competition with the prey, dominates.

[Treatment procedure in humeral shaft fractures with primary or secondary radial nerve damage].

We give an account of 28 patients with fractured humerus diaphysis, suffering from primary and seven patients suffering from secondary lesion of the radialis nerve, all treated by operation. In each case the radialis nerve was exposed and the fracture was treated by fixation with compression plates. In case of primary lesions of the radialis nerve, we found intraoperative damages by traction (six times), contusions (seven times), intraneural hämatomas (six times) and for one time perforation of the nerve by bones.